Word List. 1. How are dangerous goods and articles carried?

allowance	[E’lauens]	скидка, разрешение
article	[‘a:tikl]	предмет, изделие
approval	[ E‘pru:vEl]	одобрение, санкция
bulb	[bVlb]	луковица
carrier	[‘kXriE]	перевозчик, транспортное агентство
compressed gases	kEm’prest]	сжатые газы
concerning	[kEn’sE:niN]	относительно, касательно
corrosive materials	[kE’rEuziv]	едкие, коррозийные материалы
cuttings	[‘kVtiNz]	обрезки, опилки, стружки
dangerous goods		опасные товары
duty free		не подлежащий обложению таможенной пошлиной
flammable	[‘flXmEbl]	огнеопасный, легковоспламеняющийся
forfeiture	[‘fO:fitSE]	потеря, конфискация
insects		насекомые
liable	[laiEbl]	обязанный, подлежащий
live stock		живность
magnetized materials	[‘mXgnitaizd]	поляризованные материалы
mercury	[‘mE:kjuri]	ртуть
munitions	[mju(:)’niSnz]	военное имущество, снаряжение
oxidizing	[‘OksidaiziN]	окисляющийся
Plant Quarantine Inspection	[‘kwOrENti:N]	карантинное освидетельствование растений
Plant Quarantine Point		пункт карантинного осмотра растений
poison	[‘pOizn]	яд, отрава
prohibited	[prE’hibitid]	запрещенный
prosecution	[‘prosI’kju:SEn]	судебное преследование
restricted	[ris’triktid]	ограниченный
safety catch		безопасная задвижка, защёлка
seeds	[si:dz]	семена
sporting and hunting weapons		спортивное и охотничье оружие
subject	[‘sVb3ikt]	подчиненный, подлежащий

Exercise 4.2 Answer the questions.

1. How are dangerous goods and articles carried?

2. What materials do these rules apply to?

3. How must weapons be carried?

4. Which channel can you go through if you have nothing to declare?

5. What must a passenger have if he/she carries any plant materials?

6. What organization controls transportation of animals?

7. When can any article be liable to forfeiture?

Exercise4.3 Give the English equivalents for the following.

Опасные грузы; особые условия перевозки; разрешение перевозчика; зарегистрированный багаж; хорошо упакованный; подробная информация; запрещенные товары; особое разрешение; медицинский сертификат; пассажирский салон; подлежать конфискации.

Exercise 4.4 Match the words and word combinations in column A with those in column B.

A	B
1. Safety reasons	а. живность
2. Is liable to forfeiture	б. спортивное и охотничье оружие
3. Carrier approval	в. окисляющиеся материалы
4. Products of animal origin	d. подлегать конфискации
5. Sporting and hunting weapons	e. подлегать судебному преследованию
6. Oxidizing materials	f. причины безопасности
7. Munitions	g. продукты животного происхождения
8. The State Inspector	h. одобрение перевозчика
9. Live stock	i. государственный инспектор
10. Is liable to prosecution	j. военное снаряжение

Exercise 4.5 Fill in the gaps with the words from the text choosing from the

ones given in brackets.

1. Dangerous goods can be carried only subject to special ______________ (regulations, rules, conditions).

2. Sporting and hunting weapons can only be ________________ (taken, accepted, transported) as registered baggage.

3. If you have nothing more than duty free allowances go straight through _____________ (Green, Red, Blue) Channel.

4. A passenger must have a special _____________ (document, paper, license) to carry plant material.

5. _____________ (Carriage, transportation, conveyance) of animals, birds, live stock, insects is under inspection of the Veterinary Control.

6. Any article that has not been declared is ____________ (liable, under, subject) to forfeiture.

Exercise 4.6 Fill in the gaps with related words.

1. For ___________ (SAFE) reasons, articles or materials which are dangerous may be carried approval.

2. Both our airline and travel agencies will be pleased to give detailed information ____________ (CONCERN) the passport, visa and health regulation.

3. If you have ____________ (PROHIBIT) or restricted goods go into the Red Channel.

4. A load or baggage ____________ (CONTAIN) seeds, bulbs, cuttings, vegetables and fruit are subject to the Plant Quarantine Inspection.

5. Any article that has not been declared is liable to forfeiture and the person concerned liable to ___________ (PROCECUTE).

Exercise 4.7 Make up sentences using the given words.

1. Special/ dangerous/ are/ conditions/ articles or materials/ subject/ to.

2. Apply/ in the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations/ restricted articles/ as listed/ other materials.

3. Safety catch/ weapons/ be unloaded/ on/ and/ suitably packed/ must/ with.

4. Will/ for/ information/ give/ other regulations/ airline and travel agencies/ detailed/ the passport, visa, health/ concerning/ and.

5. The Plant Quarantine Inspection/ seed, bulbs, cuttings, vegetables and fruit/ a load or baggage/ subject/ containing/ are/ to.

Exercise 4.8 Fill in the prepositions where necessary.

1. Dangerous goods can be carried only subject _____ special conditions.

2. These regulations apply _____ compressed gases, flammable, corrosive, magnetized and other materials.

3. Weapons must be unloaded _____ safety catch on and suitably packed.

4. This document should be produced _____ the State Inspector.

5. A passenger should have a medical certificate _____ his animal to carry it in the passenger cabin.

Exercise 4.9 Match dangerous cargo terms in column A with their definitions in column B. Memorize them.

A	B
1. Dangerous goods	a. tending to corrode (to be destroyed slowly especially by chemical action)
2. Radioactive material	b. a substance that is or likely to explode
3. Corrosive materials	c. something that has power of a magnet to attract iron or steel towards
4. Flammable materials	d. obviously dangerous, risky
5. Poisons	e. sending out powerful and dangerous rays, produced by atoms
6. Explosives	f. bombs, guns and other military supplies
7. Magnetized materials	g. having a tendency to burst into flames and to burn rapidly
8. Weapons	h. a substance that harms or kills people or animals if they swallow
9. Munitions	i. an object which is used to kill or hurt people in a fight or war

Exercise 4.10 Translate into English.

1. Опасные товары и предметы могут перевозиться, только подчиняясь особым условиям.

2. Спортивное и охотничье оружие может приниматься только как зарегистрированный багаж.

3. Если у вас нет ничего кроме дозволенных и нет запрещенных товаров, идите через Зеленый Коридор.

4. Если у вас есть запрещенные товары,идите через Красный Коридор и задекларируйте их.

5. У пассажира должно быть специальное разрешение, чтобы перевозить растительные материалы.

6. Любой предмет, который не был задекларирован, подлежит конфискации, а лицо, которое перевозило его – судебному преследованию.

Exercise 4.11 Retell the text.

UNIT 5

PRINCIPAL STRUCTURAL UNITS OF THE AIRCRAFT

Exercise 5.1 Read and translate the text.

Airplanes can be monoplanes and biplanes. Monoplanes are planes with one wing. Biplanes are planes which have two sets ofwings, one above the other. According to the arrangement of the wing as to the fuselage there are 3 types of monoplanes: the high-wing, the mid-wing and the low-wing. According to their use airplanes can be passenger, cargo (freight) and special mission.

The aircraft consists of five principal structural units, namely, the power plant, the fuselage, the wings, the tail unit and the landing gear.

The power plant is a source of power. The function of the power plant is to provide power forflight and to propel the aircraft. The main part of the power plant is the engine or engines. There are two main types of engines: piston and jet engines. Modern airplanes have different kinds of jet engines.

The power plant also includes some systems, namely, the fuel system, the lubrication (oil) system, the fire-prevention (fire extinguishing) system, the engine cooling system and the engine control system. Each system has its function. The function of the fuel system is to provide the engine with fuel.

The fuselage is the body of the airplane to which the other sections are attached. It extends the fuselage from the nose to the tail of the machine. The size of the fuselage varies with the purpose of the plane but the main structure is the same forany of them. The fuselage can contain the flight compartment (cockpit), the passenger cabins, the galley, the baggage compartment, the cargo compartment, the toilets, the wardrobe (coat room), and the technical compartment. The (light compartment is normally in the forward (front) section of the fuselage. There is a window at the front of the flight compartment. It is called a windshield. On the port and starboard sides of the fuselage there are windows (portholes). The very front part of the fuselage is the nose. The very rear part of the fuselage is the tail unit (empennage). It consists of a fin and a horizontal stabilizer. The rudder is hinged to the fin and the elevator is hinged to the horizontal stabilizer. There is a tail wheel at the rear part of the fuselage on some aircraft.

The fuselage is the central body of the aircraft. It houses all passengers, crew, cargo, equipment and supports the tail unit, the wings and sometimes engines. The fuselages of modern aircraft are of all metal construction. The fuselage must be strong enough to withstand loads acting on it and have streamlined shape.

The most complicated section is the wing section.

The wings are mostly metal structures which extend out on each side of the body of the aircraft. The wing may carry engines and fuel tanks. The wings are attached to the central panel.

The function of the wings is to create lift and support the aircraft in flight (in the air). There are movable parts in the wing. They are ailerons and flaps. The design of the wing depends on the size, weight and use of the airplane. Modern aircraft use various types of wings: a box-type, a multispar type and a sandwich type.

The tail unit provides directional stability and control of the aircraft in flight. The vertical surface or fin serves to support the rudder. The rudder is attached to the fin and controls the direction of flight in the horizontal plane. The horizontal surface or “stabilizer” supports elevators. The elevators control climb and descent of the airplane. The rudder and elevator are the movable parts of the tail unit.

On big aircraft, there is the main landing “gear, the nose landing gear (nose wheel), and or the tail wheel.

The function ofthe landing gear is to support the aircraft on theground, to taxi theairplane and to absorb the energy of landing. Also its function is to reduce shocks during taxiing, take-off and landing. The landing gear consists of the main and auxiliary units. The main landing gear forms the principal support of the aircraft, when it is on the ground. Theauxiliary unit forms the auxiliary support. Most modern aircraft use the tricycle landing gear, thatis the landing gear with a nose wheel. The undercarriage can be fixed or retractable. The retractable landing gear is retracted during take-off and is lowered during landing.

When the aircraft is safely airborne the pilotbrakes the wheels and retracts the undercarriage. If the undercarriage is left in its extended position it reduces the rate of climb considerably.

In case of an emergency landing it is possible to land the aircraft withthe undercarriage retracted. This is called a “belly landing” or “wheels uplanding”.

Before landing the pilot extends the undercarriage, after take-off he retracts it.

The nose wheelprevents the airplane from nosing over upon landing.