Выражение пожеланий и сожалений

Сожаления о прошлых действиях, поступках, событиях передаются с помощью

I wish /if only /(would rather) + past perfect:

I wish I had watched that film last night. (I didn’t and now I wish I had.)

If only I had known the rule. (I didn’t know and now I regret it.)

Размышления о настоящих состояниях, которые мы хотели бы изменить, но не можем это сделать, можно передать с помощью

I wish /if only / would rather + past simple:

I wish I knew English better. (But I don’t.)

I wish I were rich. (But I am not.)

If only he were here now! (But he isn’t.)

She would rather you paid by cheque. I ’drather you kept this a secret.

Сожаление об отсутствующих способностях и навыках можно передать с помощью

I wish /if only + could + infinitive:

I wish I could sing. (But I cannot.)

I wish I could remember new words I come across. (But I cannot.)

If only I could give up smoking. (But I cannot.)

Пожелания об изменении хода настоящих событий или раздражение чем-то или кем-то передаются с помощью:

I wish /if only + would + infinitive:*

I wish you ’dbe quiet. (You are annoying me with your noise.)

I wish it wouldn’t rain so much. (It rains too much and I don’t like it.)

If only she wouldn’t wash hersocks in the bath! (She is annoying me with her habit.)

* Нельзя употреблять эту конструкцию, когда подлежащие главного и придаточного предложения одинаковы!

Пожелание (сожаление) можно передать с помощью выражения It’s (high) time …– Пора (давно пора) …. Грамматически это можно сделать с помощью

~ инфинитива: It’s time to stop smoking.

~ инфинитивного оборота: It’s time for you to stop smoking.

~ сослагательного наклонения: It’s time you stopped smoking.

Упр.9.16 Отреагируйте на следующие факты пожеланиями.

Пример: My eldest son isn’t very bright. I wish he were brihgter.

1. You worry too much. I wish you _______

2. I overslept this morning and I was late for work. If only _______

3. She is desperately shy. If only _______

4. I don’t want you to drive so far in one day. I’d rather _______

5. I’ve been given the sack! If only _______

6. I want you to settle down and get a decent job. It’s time _______

7. He won’t apologize for breaking the vase. I wish _______

8. I really want to give up smoking. If only _______

9. I had to lie to her. If only _______

10. Everybody except us has a web camera these days. It’s about time _______

11. He couldn’t complete it on time. He wishes _______

12. She had her hair cut really short. She wishes _______

Упр. 9.17 Раскройте скобки, употребив глаголы в требуемом по контексту времени.

Пример: I feel sick. I wish I hadn't eaten so much cake.(I/ not/ eat)

I'm fed up with this rain. I wish it would stop raining. (it/stop)

1.It's a difficult question. I wish _______the answer. (I /know)

2. I should have listened to you. I wish _______ your advice. (I/take)

3. I wish _______ here. She'd be able to help us. (Ann/be)

4. Aren't they ready yet? I wish _______ (they/hurry up).

5. It would be nice to stay here. I wish _______ to go now. (we/not/have)

6. When we were in London last year, we didn't have time to see all the things we wanted to see. I wish _______ more time. (we/have)

7. It's freezing today. I wish _______so cold. I hate cold weather. (it/not/be)

8. What's her name again? I wish _______ remember her name. (I/can)

9. What I said was stupid. I wish _______ anything. (I/not/say)

10. (in a car) You're driving too fast. I wish _______a bit. (you/slow down)

11. It was a terrible film. I wish _______to see it. (we/not/go)

12. You're always tired. I wish _______to bed so late. (you/not/go)

Упр. 9.18 Укажите какие факты "стоят" за этими желаниями.

Пример: I wish the streets weren't so dirty. The streets are very dirty.

1. I wish I wasn't out of work.

2. I wish there was something good on TV tonight.

3. I wish I didn't like chocolate so much.

4. If only I could lose weight!

5. I wish I'd won the lottery.

6. I wish I hadn't left school at sixteen.

7. If only I'd gone to university!

8. I wish I had studied harder for my exams.

9. I wish the government would do something about the pollution in this city.

10. I wish I didn't have to get up early every morning.

Упр.9.19 Отреагируйте на следующие гипотетические утверждения краткими реалистическими комментариями.

Пример: I wish I weren’t hard-up all the time but I am.

1. I wish I earned more but _______

2. If only I had listened but _______

3. If only I had a better computer but _______

4. If only I hadn’t been made redundant but _______

5. I wish he wouldn’t criticize me all the time but _______

6. I wish we’d left earlier but _______

7. I wish he would leave but _______

8. If only you’d been more thorough but _______

9. If only she’d had more time but _______

10. She wishes he would remember their anniversary but _______

11. If only she loved me but _______

12. They wish they knew the answer but _______

Упр. 9.20 Закончите 2-ое предложение так, чтобы у него был тот же смысл, что и у первого. Используйте выделенное слово и от 2 до 5 других слов.

1. She would like to be able to speak Italian.
could She _______Italian.

2. I would really like to be famous.
were I _______ famous.

3. We wish you a pleasant flight.
have We hope _______ flight.

4. I would prefer it if I was taller.

wasn't I _______ so short.

5. Does he regret giving her his phone number?
given Does he wish _______ his phone number?

6. To live on a tropical island would be a dream come true for me.
lived I _______ a tropical island.

7. She is sorry that she didn't bargain with him.

had She _______ with him.

8. He wishes he hadn't taken on the job.

taking He _______ job.

9. I regret lending so much money to Paul.
lent If _______ so much money to Paul.

10. We are very sorry that we missed your wedding.
wish We _______ your wedding.

11. I didn't go to university, but now I wish I had.
regret I _______ to university.

12. Buying this house is something that I really regret doing.
not If_______ this house.

13. She wishes she had worked harder when she was at school.
not She _______ when she was at school.

14. I really regret not saving any money last year.
had If _______ money last year.

15. Bringing the children to see this film was a mistake.
wish We _______ the children to see this film.

Упр. 9.21 Прочитайте текст. Выразите сожаления и пожелания, на основе фактов из текста, используя конструкции wish/if only и условные предложения II и III типа.

Пример: If only I hadn't left school at fifteen I'd have been better educated.

"I live in a squalid flat. I'm out of work and on the dole. I didn't have a good education; in fact I left school at fifteen without any qualifications. I wrote about fifty job applications and didn't get a single job. I went for a lot of interviews, but I don't really know how to behave at interviews, I can't answer their questions very well.

I sit around at home every day, watching TV, and smoking. I get through about forty cigarettes a day, so I don't have enough money to go to football matches any more. I've never been abroad! I'm so depressed. I think the worst thing is having nothing to look forward to. I'm nineteen, and I have a lifetime of nothing in front of me."

9.3 Основные случаи употребления конструкции (should)+ infinitive в качестве сказуемого в придаточных предложениях

Конструкция (should)+ infinitive в качестве сказуемого употребляется в:

· дополнительных придаточных предложениях, вводимых союзом that, если сказуемое главного предложения выражает предложение, просьбу, приказ, совет: suggest, propose, insist, urge, demand, require, order, command, recommend, desire, advise, ask...

The uncle suggests that she (should) go on a tour of France. (1)

The judge demanded that the prisoner tell the truth. (2)

Форма сказуемого придаточного предложения не зависит от времени сказуемого главного предложения. The Present Subjunctive является признаком более формального стиля. (Предложение (2)). В менее формальных ситуациях употребляют should+ infinitive (Предложение (1)).

· придаточных предложениях- (подлежащее), вводимых союзом that, после безличных предложений, содержащих следующие прилагательные в качестве предикатива: important, vital, essential, necessary, natural, typical, advisable, desirable, demanded, required, surprised, surprising...

It's important that the work (should) be done by Friday.

· определительных придаточных предложениях, вводимых союзом that и относящихся к словам: suggestion, order, request, proposal, reqirement, desire, command, demand, idea...

His suggestion, that the device (should) be tested under somewhat different conditions, was reasonable.

· обстоятельственных придаточных предложениях цели, вводимых союзом lest (чтобы не).

Don’t expose hydrogen peroxide to the air, lest it should decompose.

Metal parts are x-rayed for defects lest they fail in operation.

Упр. 9.22 Перефразируйте следующие предложения без изменения их смысла, используя предложенные выражения.

Пример: 'Why don't you study maths at evening class?' the groupmate said to George.

She suggested that he should study maths at evening class.

1. 'Let's finish the meeting on time,' he said to them.

He proposed_______.

2. 'If I were you, I'd have the beef,' said the waiter.

The waiter recommended _______.

3. 'The minutes of the meeting must be read,' said the chairperson.

The chairperson insisted _______.

4. The contract must be signed by all parties.

It is important _______.

5. The candidates must have a thorough medical examination.

It is essential _______.

6. 'I'd like to have a full inquiry to take place,' said the Prime Minister.

The Prime Minister requested _______.

7. The Research and Development Manager said, 'This product has got to be taken off the market.'

The Research and Development Manager demanded _______.

8. The new Chairman said it was essential to reorganise the board of directors.

The new Chairman insisted _______.

9. I said, 'Let's interview the other candidates tomorrow.'

I proposed _______.

10. I have to finish this report by the end of the week.

It's vital _______.

11. The management should realise we are human beings, not machines.

It's essential _______.

12. He wanted trouble makers in the factory to be dismissed.

He recommended _______.

13. I can't believe that you have even suggested offering bribes.

I am amazed _______.

14. 'My children must go to the best school available,' he insisted.

He was determined _______.

*Упр. 9.23 Преобразуйте следующие простые предложения в сложные, содержащие дополнительное придаточное предложение. Помните, что сказуемое придаточного предложения зависит от сказуемого главного предложения.

1. I insist on her telling me the truth.

2. He promised to come on time.

3. I admit telling you lies.

4. He recommended having the trout. So I did.

5. I complained about the cold food and bad service.

6. 'I propose setting another date for the meeting. Do we agree?'

7. I am asking you to allow him to go free.

8. The king ordered the followers to raise an army.

9. I am convinced of his honesty.

10. The company requests visitors to fill in a name tag.

Упр. 9.24 Заполните пропуски глаголами should или would. Объясните свое решение.

1. He insisted that the newspaper _____ print an apology.

2. I _____ say nothing about it if I were you.

3. If you pulled the communication cord the train _____ stop and you _____ be fined.

4. They went to the cinema at 2.30, so they _____ be back here by 6.00.

5. It is very strange that he _____ think that.

6. ____ you be very kind and lend me your handbook?

7. It was decided that the matter _____ be referred to a special committee.

8. If the telephone ____ ring please say that I’ll be back at six.

9. There are too many accidents. Everyone ____ be much more careful.

10. It is essential that this matter _____ be kept out of the newspapers.

11. If this machine _____ at any time fail to give complete satisfaction please post us the enclosed card.

12. I wish you ____ not ask so many questions.

13. It is most important that I _____ see him at once.

14. The rocks were icy and he was terrified lest he _____ slip.

15. I suggested that Tom _____ walk on and try to get help while I stayed with the injured man but he _____ not hear of this.

16. This passage doesn’t lead anywhere. It is odd that no one ____ have noticed this before.

17. This train is entirely automatic; there is no driver; but a mechanic is always available in case anything _____ go wrong.

18. I _____ rather you asked him. Last time I tried to speak to him he _____ not listen.

19. When four hours had passed and there was still no sign of him she began to be worried lest he _____ have met with some accident.

20. People are very fond of saying, 'This _______ be stopped', or 'Something ______ be done about this,' but if they were the government they _______ not know how to stop it or what to do about it.

21. It is amazing that the Leaning Tower of Pisa _______ have stood for so long.

22. "_______ you mind not smoking; this is the petrol store."

"Then there _______ be a 'No Smoking' notice."