A comparative study on petroleum Terminology

Maryam Faal-Hamedanchi

Medling s.r.o

Papírová 525, Liberec 460 01, Czech Republic

The article reviews language borrowing as a cause of denominative variation in terminology and applies a descriptive and comparative approach to identify which roles receptor languages play in employment and adaptation of foreign terms (…).

Key words: language borrowing; petroleumterminology; calques, semantic borrowing; neologism.

Introduction

Borrowing is defined as the introduction of phonological, morphological, lexical, and syntactic items from one language or variety into another. TEXT. TEXT. TEXT…

Lexical borrowings

The simplest (and therefore most common) borrowings are lexical or vocabulary borrowings. As to English, loanwords are called ‘Anglicism’, or items taken from English without any modification. “While discussing borrowings from English, we have to keep in mind that the English lexicon itself contains a high degree of loanwords. Thus, while some words are borrowed directly, others are received in an already altered form. In many cases, these are international terms or words present in many languages” [6].

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Phonological adaptation. Almost no loanword can be found in Russian or Persian, which has not undertaken some extents of adaptation. The first step of adaptation occurs in stress (accent) pattern. Naturally, the ways stress manifests itself in the speech stream are highly language dependent. Persian language has fixed stress. That is, stress is placed always on a given syllable. For nouns, adjectives, and most adverbs, the stress is word-final, for example:

(3) noun: fyzyvlvjy ‘physiology’[fizioloʒi'];

(4) adjective: fyzyky ‘physical’[fiziki'];

(5) adverb: Ahsth ‘slowly’[aheste'h].

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Morphological Borrowings

Borrowing of derivative suffixes almost never happens in Persian.

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Conclusion

Loanwords always undergo incorporation both into the phonological and morphological systems of the receptor language. Almost no loanword can be found in Russian or Persian, which has not undertaken some extents of adaptation.

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REFERENCES

[1]. Bashiri, I. Persian for beginners(4th ed.): http://bashiri.info/TapeManual/Unit1to10.pdf.

[2]. Ghomeishi, J. Non-projecting nouns and the ezafe-construction in Persian // Natural Language and Linguistic Theory. Netherlands, Springer, 1997. P.729‒788.

[3]. Multitran System for Translators(Online Dictionary):http://www.multitran.ru/, 2009.

[4]. Oilfield Glossary:http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/, 2009.

[5]. Posetsky, D. Russian Morphology and Lexical Theory. Cambridge, MA, 1979.

[6]. Rajabi, T. Estelahnameye shimi, [Thesaurus of Chemistry]// Proceeding of the Second Symposium of Lexicography and Terminology. Tehran, 2003. P. 555‒577.

АНГЛИЙСКИЕ ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЯ В РУССКОМ И ПЕРСИДСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ: