Vocabulary. decay - гнить, разлагаться

decay - гнить, разлагаться

grim - мрачный, жестокий

nightmarish - кошмарный

rivalry - соперничество

Answer the Questions

1. In what way do Shepard's best-known plays portray Ameri­can society?

2. What elements do his plays combine?

3. What films did S. Shepard act?

4. When did he win the Pulitzer Prize?

5. In what play did he use rock music?

6. What theatre is he resident playwright at?

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ENGLISH LITERATURE

1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................ 3

2. THE ANGLO-SAXONS (450-1100).................................................. 5

2.1 Background............................................................................... 5

Riddle.............................................................................................. 14

Beowulf.......................................................................................... 16

Bede.................................................................................................. 18

3. THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD (1100-1500)...................................... 20

3.1. Background.......................................................................... 20

3.2. Geoffrey Chaucer.............................................................. 29

3.3. «The Canterbury Tales»................................................. 31

3.4. Sir Thomas Malory............................................................ 33

4. THE RENAISSANCE (1500-1650)................................................ 34

Background.................................................................................. 34

Edmund Spencer.......................................................................... 45

Sir Philip Sidney.......................................................................... 47

Christopher Marlowe............................................................. 49

William Shakespeare............................................................... 50

John Milton.................................................................................. 97

5. THE AGE OF REASON (1650—1780)...................................... 100

5.1 Background.............................................................................. 100

5.2. Daniel Defoe...................................................................... 106

5.3. Jonathan Swift................................................................. 109

5.4. Henry Fielding.................................................................. 113

5.5. Richard Brinsley Sheridan......................................... 115

6. THE ROMANTICS (1780—1830)............................................. 116

Backcroud.................................................................................. 116

Robert Burns............................................................................ 122

William Blake.......................................................................... 125

Mary Wollstonecraft......................................................... 126

William Wordsworth............................................................ 127

Sir Walter Scorr....................................................................... 130

Lord Byron................................................................................. 133

Percy Bysshe Shelley............................................................ 136

Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley........................................ 139

John Keats.................................................................................. 140

7. THE VICTORIANS (1830—1880)............................................. 143

Background............................................................................... 143

Jane Austen............................................................................... 149

Elizabeth Barrett Browning............................................ 151

Lord Tennyson......................................................................... 153

William Makepeace Thackeray........................................ 156

Charles Dickens....................................................................... 159

Sisters BrontE.......................................................................... 167

7.7. Lewis Carrol....................................................................... 169

8. NEW DIRECTIONS (1880—1915)............................................ 171

8.1 Background.......................................................................... 171

8.2. Thomas Hardy................................................................... 180

8.3. Robert Louis Stevenson............................................... 182

8.4. Oscar Wilde........................................................................ 188

8.5. George Bernard Shaw................................................... 190

8.6. Str Arthur Conan Doyle.............................................. 193

8.7. Rudyard Kipling............................................................... 194

8.8. William Butler Yeats.................................................. 198

8.9. H. G. Wells......................................................................... 199

9. THE TWENTIETH CENTURY (1915—...)............................... 200

9.1 Background.......................................................................... 200

Hector Hugh Munro.............................................................. 208

Virginia Woolf......................................................................... 209

James Joyce................................................................................ 210

D. H. Lawrence.......................................................................... 213

Thomas Stearns Eliot........................................................... 215

Katherine Mansfield............................................................ 217

Graham Greene........................................................................ 218

AMERICAN LITERATURE

1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................... 220

2. COLONIAL WRITING (1608-1765)......................................... 222

3. THE FIRST FLOWERING (1765—1850)................................. 225

Background............................................................................... 225

Philip Freneau.......................................................................... 229

Washington Irving................................................................. 229

James Fenimore Cooper......................................................... 233

William Cullen Bryant....................................................... 235

Harriet Beecher Stowe........................................................ 237

4. AMERICAN LITERATURE COMES

OF AGE (1850—1900)...................................................................... 238

4.1 Background......................................................................... 238

4.2. Nathaniel Hawthorne................................................... 244

4.2. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow................................ 248

4.4. Edcar Allan Pof............................................................... 255

4.5. Herman Melville............................................................ 261

4.6. Walt Whitman.................................................................. 265

4.7. Emily Dickinson................................................................ 268

4.8. Mark Twain........................................................................ 271

5. FROM 1900 TO 1950................................................................... 279

Background............................................................................... 279

Theodore Dreiser.................................................................... 288

Robert Lee Frost..................................................................... 290

William Faulkner................................................................... 293

F. Scott Fitzgerald................................................................ 295

Ernest Hemingway................................................................. 297

John Steinbeck.......................................................................... 299

William Saroyan..................................................................... 300

6. FROM 1950 ON.............................................................................. 301

Background............................................................................... 301

John Cheever............................................................................. 311

Irwin Shaw.................................................................................. 312

J. D. Salincer.............................................................................. 313

Truman Capote......................................................................... 314

Allen Ginsberg......................................................................... 314

Sam Shepard............................................................................... 315