Reducing end-groups

– chains scissions 1058

– peeling reactions 660–662

Index

– stabilization 657–660

Reduction, degree of see DR

Reduction efficiency 982

Reduction energetics, oxygen 643

Reduction products, dioxygen 644

Reductive bleaching 1134

Refiner mechanical pulp 1098

– definition 1072

Refiner plates 1108

– designs 1109

refiner process 1098–1112

Refiner types, characteristics 1108

Reflectance, sheets 1280

Reflectance spectra, hardwood sulfite pulp

Refractive index, acid sulfite cooking liquor

Analysis 433

Refractory kappa number 672

Regenerated cellulose fibers, production by

Viscose process 7

Regenerated fibers 1047

– global production 11

Regeneration

– black liquor 112

– cellulose II 27

reject handling, pulp processing 1113–1122

Reject rate, screening operating parameters

reject ratio, volumetric 568–569, 576

Reject refining stage 1121

Reject thickening, in relation to volumetric

reject ratio 568–569, 576

– screening theory 566–570

reject treatment 1121–1122

Relative hydrolysis rates, methyl-b-pyranosides

And 328

Relative oxygen susceptibility, lignin model

Compounds 640

Reliability, quality control 1215

removal efficiency, fibers 590–591

Repeatability, quality control 1215

Reprecipitation, xylan 1011

Reproducibility, quality control 1215

Residual chromophores 1030

residual lignin 174, 704, 856–859, 1033

– composition after cooking and bleaching

634–640

– contents 722

– functional group content 635

– linkage frequencies 638

– modification with peracetic acid 880

– phenolic hydroxyl content 263

– b-O-4-structures content 263