Reactors 827

– atmospheric downflow 624–625

– atmospheric peroxide bleaching system

– atmospheric upflow 623–624

– medium consistency 623–627

– pressurized 625–627

– pressurized peroxide bleaching system

rechipper 86–87

reclaimer, chip storage 102–103

recovered paper 1147–1210

– annual flow in comparison to virgin paper

– basic statistics 1165–1176

– collection 1165, 1170, 1177–1182

– cycle, Europe 1184

– demand, Germany 1160

– different rates 1173

– future development 1175–1176

– global trade, expected 1172

– grades 1157–1164, 1203–1210

– handling 1187–1190

– industrial volume 1153

– Japan 1161, 1163

– naming criteria 1158

– nonpaper components 1204

– outthrow materials 1162

– prohibitive materials 1162

– recycling rate 1165, 1173–1175

– sorted 1189

– sorting, handling, and storage 1187–1190

– sources 1183–1186

– unusable materials 1204

– usage 1151

Recovered paper utilization

– CEPI countries 1161

– global development 1148

– rate 1165, 1167–1168

– rate for different paper grades 1169

recovery 967–997

Recovery boiler see kraft recovery boiler

Recovery furnace, black liquor 968

recovery rate 1170–1173

Recovery systems, sulfite compounds

994–995

recycled fibers 1147–1210

– relevance as paper raw material

1153–1156

recycled fibers use, legislation 1191–1210

Recycling, waste strategy 1192

recycling rate, recovered paper 1173–1175

Red hickory, average moisture content 125

Red maple, chemical composition of wood 23

Redox cycle, laccase mediator-system 887

Redox mechanisms, lignin 319

Redox potential

– dioxygen 643

– in kraft pulp with polysulfide

Pretreatment 310