Task 1. Listen to the introduction and fill in the gaps

England and Scotland – two realms divided. In 1603 they’d come together in one 1)……: James VI of 2)…….. and James I of 3)…….. He wanted to be known as the king of Great Britain. But what was it, this new kingdom? In the first half of the 17^th century only the map makers could tell you. One of them, John Speed, published an atlas of 4).. maps called ‘The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britain’ and covering every inch of Scotland, Wales, Ireland and England. What lay behind Speed’s atlas was an 5)………. vision of happy, harmonious Britannia coming together under a king who was determined to bring 6)….. after centuries of war and 7)…….

In 1642 King Charles I saw cannons, pikes and musketeers. By nightfall there would be 3000 British corpses lying in the freezing mud. Here at Edgehill England had become Golgotha*. Over the next long years the nations, that both James and Charles yearned to bring together, would tear each other apart in murderous civil wars. Hundreds of thousands of lives would be lost in battles, sieges (осады), epidemics and famine (голод). One fails to measure the enormity of the disaster (масштаб злодеяния этого несчастья). It reached every part of Britain from Cornwall* to Connaught*, from York* to Hebrides*. It tore apart the communities of parishes (приходов) and counties that all through the turmoil (круговерть, бурные годы) of the reformation had managed to agree about how the country should be governed and who should do the 8)………. Men who had broken bread together, now wanted to break each other’s head. Men who had judged together, now judged each other. At the end of it there would be a 9)…… ……. but it wouldn’t be a united kingdom, it would be a united republic.

*Golgotha - was, according to the Gospels, a site immediately outside Jerusalem's walls where Jesus was crucified.

*Cornwall – a county and peninsula (полуостров) in the South-West of England.

*Connaught – a region in Ireland

*York – an old town in the North of England famous for its York Minster (собор) with beautiful stained glass windows (витражи)

*Hebrides – Inner and outer Hebrides are groups of islands to the West of Scotland.

Task 2. Find answers to the following questions:

• What were the main issues of the Civil War in Britain? (a war if ideas, liberty and obedience, the crucible of modern history, out of the fires of these wars came out the constitutional monarchy)

Lethal - смертельный

Crucible – емкость, в которой плавят металл

Survivors – выжившие

• In what other countries were there civil wars about similar issues? (America – 17… and …. – 1789)
• What was King Charles I like? (secretive, pallid, ominously distant, father of the nation, young, insecure)

Pallid -бледный

Uncouth- неуклюжий

Insecure – неуверенный в себе

• What triggered the conflict in England? What was the conflict about?( war against Spain, the Duke of Buckingham, a bid to woo the Spanish princess, returned empty handed, the gloves were off, no tax could be lawful without the consent of Parliament, Petition of Rights, Buckingham assassinated to the national cheering, Peter Paul Rubins, Inigo Jones’s masterpiece: the Banqueting House in Whitehall, a piece of Italy transplanted to Britain, Puritans, Holy Scripture)

Trigger – дословно: спустить курок; здесь - начать

Crusade – крестовый поход

Upstart nobody – никчемный выскочка

Woo – ухаживать, предлагать замужество

Blow – выбросить деньги на ветер, растратить

Dismiss Parliament – распустить парламент

Assassinate – cовершить политическое убийство

Holy Scripture - Священное Писание

• What were the ideas and views of the Puritans? (unbridgeable division between the saved and the damned, betrayal of reformation, peace with Catholics, war against any signs of Romanism: paintings or statues, crucifixes, a faith of merchants, artisans and the gentry, dissidents had their ears cut off, obsession with unity, cantankerous Presbyterian Kirk*, hatred and division, absentee king, Calvinism*)

Costly error – ошибка, которая дорого обошлась

Betrayal – предательство

Crucifix – распятие

Artisans – ремесленники

Gentry – мелкопоместное дворянство

Obsession – одержимость

Cantankerous – ворчливый, недовольный

* Presbyterian Kirk – isthe protestant, Calvinist Church of Scotland, known informally by its Scots language name, the Kirk. The church of Scotland traces its roots back to the beginnings of Christianity in Scotland, but its identity is principally shaped by the Scottish Reformation of 1560. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Scotland

*Calvinism -is a major branch of Western Christianity that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice of John Calvin and other Reformation-era theologians. Calvinists broke with the Roman Catholic church but differed with Lutherans on the real presence of Christ in the Lord's supper, theories of worship, and the use of God's law for believers. en.wikipedia.org/wiki

• What was the effect of Charles’s intention to introduce a new Prayer Book in Scotland?

(St. Giles’ Cathedral, a deafening outburst of shouting and whaling, rebels, snag, a truce was hastily signed, reading public, John Pym, Lord Stafford at the head of Catholic Irish army invaded Scotland, later beheaded, betrayal, Ireland erupted, an unmitigated fiasco, a blundering despot, the abyss facing the country)

• What were the major events of the Civil war? ( the battle of Edgehill, The Earl of Essex at the head of Parliamentary army, South-western campaign, Parliament demoralized, the King established court and a military government in Oxford, an alliance between Parliament and the Scots, the battle of Naseby, New Model Army*)

Foresake smb. – отказаться от кого-либо, бросить

Infantry -пехота

Animosity -враждебность

* New Model Army -was formed in 1645 by the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War, and was disbanded in 1660 after the Restoration. Its soldiers became full-time professionals, rather than part-time militia. To establish a professional officer corps, the army's leaders were prohibited from having seats in either the House of Lords or House of Commons. This was to encourage their separation from the political or religious factions among the Parliamentarians.

• What is said about Oliver Cromwell?
• What was the end of the second Civil war? (they wanted Charles Stuart to feel the wrath of God, a trial, a republic, a kingless state of God, martyr or traitor, the anointed sovereign answerable only to the Almighty)

Folly – прегрешение, глупость

Task 3. Supplementary reading. Read the Wikipedia information about the Civil War in England. Which of the facts were not mentioned in the film?