Интернациональные коммерческие термины (цель, классификация EXW, CIF,FOB)

Incoterms – set of international rules (drawn by the International Chamber of Commerce) for interpretation of terms in foreign trade, describing duties and responsibilities of seller and buyer.

Aim: to avoid disagreements (resulting from differences in trading practices).

Categories:

- E: goods available to the buyer at the seller's premises (EXW)

- F: seller delivers to carrier appointed by buyer (FCA, FAS, FOB)

- C: seller pays for carriage, has no liability after shipment and dispatch (CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP)

- D: seller bears all costs and risks in shipping goods (DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU, DDP)

EXWorks:

- maximum obligation for buyer (all costs and risks)

- goods ready for col­lection at seller’s factory

- all forms of transport can be used

FOB (Free on Board):

- seller: transportation to the port of shipment, loading costs

- buyer: freight, insur­ance, unloading, transportation to his warehouse

- passing of risk: ship's rail at the port of shipment

CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight):

- seller: transportation to the port of des­tination, loading costs, freight insurance

- buyer: unloading, transportsation to warehouse

- passing of risk: ship's rail at the port of shipment

Государственные ценные бумаги, акции частных компаний