Акционерный капитал. Виды ценных бумаг. Способы привлечения капитала. Паевые инвестиционные форды

Company shares can be bought when a firm starts trading or issues more shares, or when other investors are selling their shares.
If a company makes a profit, some of it is shared among the share and debenture holders.

Some types of shares are a gamble, some are less risky.

Debentures

- not shares but direct loans to a company

- fixed interest (not depending on company’s profit)

- are always paid first (before shareholders)

- may be bought and sold on the Stock Exchange

Preference shares

- fixed rate of interest (if the company has made enough profit to paу it)

- paid after debenture holders, before ordinary shareholders

- return gua­ranteed as long as there’s a profit

- voting rights limited (little control over the company)

Cumulative preference shares

- if profit is not enough in any year to pay the full interest it is made up to cumulative preference shareholders in later years when money is available

Ordinary shares (eqиities)

- paid after preference shareholders

- dividend directly depend on profits

- largest risk

- considerable voting rights (more control of the business)

Blue chip shares

- in well-known companies with reliabIe and efficient management

- carry less risk than other ordinary shares

Deferred shares (founders shares)

- paid last of all what may be left over from the profits

- strongest voting rights (often held by the people who started the company) and give more control over the firm and its directors

Rights issue

- extra shares offered to existing shareholders at a price below that which they would fetch on the market

- shareholders may sell their 'right' to buy these shares

- are good investment (because of low cost)

Unit Trusts – organizations that enable people with limited savings and little financial knowlege to invest in а wide range of stocks and shares without paying high Srock Exchаnge charges. The Trust managers offer Units for sale directly to the public: with the money received they buy shares in many companies and/or Government stocks.