Use of the essential vocabulary. Task 2. Memorise the essential vocabulary to text 1 and translate the sentences containing it: (1) adoption (прийняття) – the act of deciding to use a

Task 2. Memorise the essential vocabulary to Text 1 and translate the sentences containing it:

(1) adoption (прийняття) – the act of deciding to use a particular plan, method. Strategy is defined as the determination of the basic long-term objectives of an enterprise and adoption of courses of action and allocation of resources necessary to achieve these goals. to adopt –приймати

(2) allocation (розміщення, розподіл) – the decision to use smth. for a particular purpose. The allocation of resources is one of the most important tasks of the enterprise. to allocate – розміщувати, розподіляти

(3) to attain (досягати, добиватися, домагатися) – to arrive at, obtain. For effective performance of individuals working together in groups or teams a manager’s basic task is to see that everyone understands the group’s purposes and objectives and its methods of attaining them. attainable –досяжний attainability –досяжність

(4) budget (бюджет) – a plan of income and expenditure for a particular period of time: where money is drawn from, its amount, how it should be spent; personal or household expenses. There are different types of plans: purposes or missions, objectives or goals, strategies, policies, procedures, rules, programs, budgets.

(5) to carry out (виконувати) – to fulfil, put into effect, to accomplish. Programmes are a complex of goals, policies, procedures, rules, tasks and assignments, steps to be taken, resources to be employed and other elements necessary to carry out a given course of action. to carry on – продовжувати, виконувати

(6) conscious(свідомий) –recognising the existence, truth or fact of smth.; in the state of knowing what goes on around. Planning requires that we consciously determine courses of action and base our decisions on purpose, knowledge and considered estimates. consciously –свідомо consciousness – свідомість

(7) to consider (розглядати, обмірковувати; вважати, гадати) – to ponder, think out, weigh the advantages and disadvantages of; to assess before reaching a decision. He considered all possible resources for this campaign. He considered the annual budget nonrealistic. considerable –значний, важливий consideration – міркування

(8) to contribute to (сприяти, робити внесок) – to give money, help, ideas etc. to smth. that a lot of other people are also involved in. E very plan should contribute to the accomplishment of the purpose and objectives of the enterprise. contribution –сприяння, внесок contributive –сприятливий contributor – особа, яка сприяє; робить внесок

(9) cost (ціна, вартість) – the amount of money that you have to pay in order to buy, do or produce smth. The efficiency of a plan refers to its contribution to the purpose and objectives, offset by costs and other factors required to formulate and operate it.

(10) to demand (потребувати, вимагати) – to ask for smth. very firmly, to need smb.’s time, energy, skill; to require, call for. Every kind of organised action demands purpose. demand –вимога, потреба, попит to make a demand – потребувати, ставити вимогу

(11) to determine (визначати) – to settle, to fix, to define, to terminate. The purpose of strategy is to determine and communicate through system major objectives and policies, a picture of the kind of enterprise that is envisioned. determined –визначений

(12) discretion (свобода дій) – freedom to make one’s own decisions. Rules spell out specific required actions or nonactions, allowing no discretion.

(13) efficiency (ефективність) – the quality of doing smth. well, without wasting time, energy, money; the degree of effectiveness with which smth. is done or of the person who does it. The efficiency of a plan refers to its input to the purpose and objectives. efficiency expert –експерт з ефективності efficient – ефективний

(14) to envision (передбачати, уявляти) – to see in the mind’s eye (especially some future occurrence). The purpose of strategy is to determine and communicate through a system major objectives and policies, a picture of the kind of enterprise that is envisioned.

(15) estimate (оцінка) – a judgment of size, number, quantity, value, distance, quality especially of smth. which needs calculation or assessment. Planning requires that we base our decisions on considered estimates. estimation –оцінювання to estimate –оцінювати

(16) expenditures (витрати) – the total amount of money that a government, organisation or a person spends during a particular period of time. The budgets developed in the process of planning include expenditures for capital equipment. to expend –витрачати

(17) expenses (витрати) – cost in terms of money paid out in running a business or household, doing a job. Operating expenses are to be taken into account while planning. at the expense of –ціною to go to expense – витрачати гроші expensive – дорогий

(18) framework (структура) – a basic structure which supports and gives shape or a broad outline plan. Strategies furnish a framework for guiding thinking and action.

(19) to highlight (виділяти, висвітлювати) – to draw special attention to smth. There are four major aspects which highlight the nature of planning.

(20) to hire (наймати) – to employ smb. for a short time to do a job; to obtain the services of smb. for an agreed wage. One of the steps the process of planning includes is formulating supporting plans, such as to hire and train workers.

(21) internal (внутрішній) – within an organisation, place rather than outside it. In what environment – internal or external – will the company’s plans operate?

(22) mission (місія) – any task that one is sent to do; an aim in life, arising from a conviction or sense of calling. There are different types of plans: purposes or missions, objectives or goals, strategies, policies, procedures, rules, programs, budgets.

(23) pervasive (поширений, загальний, проникний) – existing or sprea­ding everywhere. Planning is pervasive; it is a function of all managers. pervasiveness –поширеність, проникність

(24) primacy (першість, першочерговість) – the state or being first in rank, importance. Planning has primacy among the manager’s tasks.

(25) procedure (спосіб дії, процедура) – the accepted method and order of doing things; an act or manner of proceeding. Procedures are chronological sequences of required actions.

(26) purpose (ціль) – a result which is desired to obtain and which is kept in mind in performing an action. The purpose of strategy is to determine and communicate through the system the major objectives and policies.

(27) to pursue (переслідувати) – to follow smth. The process of planning includes selecting the course of action the firm will pursue.

(28) relationship (стосунки) – the mutual exchange between two people or groups who have dealings with one another. A manager must plan in order to know what kinds of organisation relationships and personal qualifications are needed, along which course subordinates are to be led and what kind of control is to be applied.

(29) to require (вимагати) – to demand, to need. Planning requires that we consciously determine courses of action.. requirement –вимога to meet the requirements –відповідати вимогам

(30) qualification (кваліфікація) – a skill, quality fitting a person for a particular work. A manager should have respective personal characteristics and professional qualifications.

(31) sequence (послідовність) – a succession of things which are connected in some way. Procedures are chronological sequences of required actions.

(32) subordinate (підлеглий) – inferior in order, rank, importance. A manager must plan in order to know what kinds of organisation relationships and personal qualifications are needed, along which course subordinates are to be led and what kind of control is to be applied.

Task 3. Match each word in section A with its translation in section B:

A. Purpose; to attain; to accomplish; intellectually; to demand; cost; strength; to assign; mission; to require; consciously; policy; procedure; budget; to determine; to consider; estimate; internal; adoption; allocation; to highlight; to envision; external; primacy; relationship; framework; sequence; discretion; qualification; subordinate; pervasive; ordinarily; to carry out; to hire; efficiency; superior; reasonable; to pursue; expenses; expenditures.

B. Свідомо; оцінка; раціональний; визначати; послідовність; свобода дій; переслідувати; витрати; внутрішній; зовнішній; зазвичай; структура; ефективність; потребувати; вищий по службі; виконувати; встановлювати; витрати; проникний; сильна сторона; ціль; наймати; кваліфікація; досягти; вимагати; політика; здійснювати; передбачувати; підлеглий; стосунки; місія; прийняття; інтелектуально; бюджет; витрати; розміщення; процедура; першочерговість; виділяти; враховувати.

Task 4. Match each word in section A with the one of the similar meaning in section B:

A. To attain; to demand; to require; to determine; to consider; to highlight; to contribute; to assign; to envision; to carry out; to hire; to pursue.

B. To define; to follow; to give, to consign; to achieve, to accomplish; to perform, to complete; to employ, to take in service; to imagine, to foresee; to need, to oblige; to add, to donate; to think, to believe; to emphasise, to draw attention to; to order, to stipulate.

Task 5. Match each word in section A with the one of the opposite meaning in section B:

A. Consciously; subordinate; superior; reasonable; external; ordinarily; internal.

B. External; unwise; unusually; internal; main; subordinate; unintentionally.

Task 6. Match each word in section A with its definition in section B:

A. Estimate; primacy; purpose; qualification; expenses; cost; strength; framework; sequence; discretion.

B. The price paid for smth.; capacity to resist force; a result which is desired to obtain; a basic structure; cost paid to achieve an end; a judgment which needs calculation or assessment; the state or being first in rank; quality fitting a person for particular work; freedom to make one’s own decisions; a series of things which are connected in some way.

Task 7. Rearrange the following jumbled words into sentences:

1. The purpose of strategy, and communicate, a picture of enterprise, is, to determine, that managers envision. 2. Strategies, a framework, for guiding, provide, thinking and action. 3. Policies, before, help, they become, to decide issues, problems. 4. Managers, and still, maintain control, delegate authority, over their subordinates. 5. Rules, the simplest type, are generally, of plan. 6. Budget, planning instru­ment, is the basic, in numerous companies. 7. Budget, it reflects, a sensible standard of control, cannot supply, unless, the plans. 8. A manager’s, is to see that, everybody understands, basic task, the group’s purposes. 9. People, what they are expected, must know, to accomplish. 10. Plans of this company, the achievement of, the pur­pose and objectives, contribute to, of the enterprise.

Task 8. Memorise the essential vocabulary to Text 2 and translate the sentences containing it:

(1) to affirm(твердити, стверджувати, підтверджувати) – to state publicly that smth. is true. The principle of the span of management affirms that there is a limit to the number of subordinates. affirmative –стверджувальний affirmation –підтвердження

(2) bottleneck(перешкода, вузьке місце) – an obstruction which prevents a forward movement. There is atendency of overloading superiors which becomes decision bottlenecks.

(3) capacity (здатність) – the ability. There should be room for discretion, for advantageous utilisation of creative talents and for recognition of individual likes and capacity in the most formal of organisations.

(4) to cause (спричиняти) – to lead to some result. Last year they began to restructure their organisation and this caused staff reduction.

(5) to cooperate (співпрацювати) – to work jointly with others to some end. There can be no doubt that good people and those who want to cooperate will work together most effectively if they are acquainted with the parts they are to play in any team operation and the way their roles relate to one another. cooperation – співпраця

(6) creative (творчий) – having the quality or power of creating. There are many examples of centers, started and run by creative individuals, which focus on communication. to create – створювати creation – створення

(7) to depend on (залежати від) – to rely for livelihood, support. Organisation levels exist because there is a limit to the number of persons a manager can supervise effectively, even if this limit varies depending on situations. dependence – залежність dependent – залежний

(8) division(підрозділ) – a section of a large organisation. A department as the term is usually used for the production division, the sales unit, western/southern branch, the market research section or the accounts receivable unit. divide – ділити

(9) exceptional(винятковий) – unusual, outstanding. Organisation with wide span requires exceptional qualities of managers. to except – робити виняток except – окрім, за винятком e xception – виняток

(10) excessive (винятковий, надмірний) – going beyond the limit of what is needed, tolerable, desirable. One of the disadvantages of the organisation with wide span is excessive distance between the lowest level and top level.

(11) to force (змушувати) – to make smb. do smth., that he/she does not want to do; to influence smb. to do smth. He is forced to delegate authority to others.

(12) formal(формальний) – relating to form, rule or ceremonial. Many authors on management distinguish between formal and informal organisation. informal –неформальний

(13) to furnish(забезпечувати) – to provide, to supply, to equip. One of the tasks of chief management is to furnish decision-making and communications networks of the enterprise.

(14) identification (розпізнання) – the process of recognising smth. or smb. The identification of organisational needs and required activities is vital. to identify –розпізнавати identity –ідентичність

(15) impact (вплив, враження) – the effect or influence; the impres­sion made by a person, thing, idea. The principle of the span of management affirms that there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively supervise, but the exact number will depend on the impact of underlying factors. to impact – впливати, справляти враження

(16) to incorporate (об’єднуватись в єдину структуру) – to include smth. as a part of a group, system, plan; to unite into a whole. An organisational role incorporates different objectives, which are the most important part of planning.

(17) intentional (навмисний) – done on purpose. Formal organisation means an intentional structure of roles in formally organised enterprise. intention – намір

(18) network (мережа, сітка) – an interconnected system. Informal organisation is a network of personal and social relations arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.

(19) observation (спостереження) – an act of observing or being observed. A manager must find out either by personal observation or using objective standards whether subordinates are following plans. to observe – спостерігати observer – спостерігач

(20) obstacle (перешкода) – smth. that makes it difficult to achieve the aim. An organisation structure should be designed to clarify who is to do what tasks and who is responsible for what results, to remove obstacles to performance caused by confusion and uncertainty of assignment.

(21) operation (діяльність) – work, activity. There can be no doubt that good people and those who want to cooperate will work together most effectively if they are acquainted with the parts they are to play in any team operation and the way their roles relate to one another. to operate – працювати, оперувати

(22) overloaded (перевантажений) – loaded too heavily. Managers are always overloaded with different tasks. to overload – перевантажувати

(23) receivable (прийнятний) – that can be accepted or received. A department as the term is usually used for the production division, the sales unit, western/southern branch, the market research section or the accounts receivable unit. to receive –отримувати, приймати receiver –одержувач

(24) to relate to (мати відношення до) – to connect with; to have or be in relation. There can be no doubt that good people and those who want to cooperate will work together most effectively if they are acquainted with the parts they are to play in any team operation and the way their roles relate to one another.

(25) room (місце) – space regarded as available to contain smth. There should be room for discretion, for advantageous utilisation of creative talents and for recognition of individual likes and capacity in the most formal of organisations.

(26) to select (відбирати) – to take from among a number. You should select subordinates carefully. selection –відбір

(27) span of management(норма керованості) – the maximum quantity of subordinates managed by supervisor, manager, director. This company has the structure of organisation with narrow span.

(28) standard(стандарт) – a model to be followed or imitated. A manager must find out either by personal observation or using standards, whether his subordinates are following the plans.

(29) to supervise (наглядати, керувати) – to control, to direct, to manage. Thus we think of organising as the grouping of activities essential to attain objectives and the assignment of each grouping to a manager with the authority necessary to supervise it. supervision –нагляд, керівництво supervisor –наглядач, керівник

(30) tendency (тенденція) – development in a particular direction; the quality of tending towards smth. In organisation with wide span there is atendency of overloaded superiors to become decision bottlenecks.

(31) underlying (той, що лежить в основі) – being at the basis. The principle of the span of management affirms that there is a limit to the number of subordinates, a manager can effectively supervise, but the exact number will depend on the impact of underlying factors. to underlie –лежати в основі

(32) to undertake (відповідати за щось, починати, братися за щось) – to assume responsibility for smth. If a manager clearly delegates authority to undertake a well-defined task, a well-trained subordinate can get it done with a minimum of the manager’s time and attention.

(33) to vary (різнитися, відрізнятися, варіюватися) – to change often; to introduce variety into smth. Organisation levels exist because there is a limit to the number of persons a manager can supervise effectively, even if this limit varies depending on situations. various –різноманітний variety –різноманітність

(34) utilisation (використання) – use of smth. for a particular purpose. There should be room for discretion, for advantageous utilisation of creative talents and for recognition of individual likes and capacity in the most formal of organisations. to utilise –використовувати

Task 9. Match each word in section A with its translation in section B:

A. To cooperate; to relate; operation; to incorporate; identification; to supervise; to clarify; obstacle; spontaneously; department; division; receivable; span; to vary; excessive; to force; to cause; to furnish; network; to imply; to select; tendency; overloaded; bottleneck; intentional; formal; exceptional; to depend on; informal; impact; room; advantageous; utilisation; capacity; creative; underlying; to undertake; workable; observation; standard.

B. Спричиняти; навмисний; неформальний; сприятливий; місце; здійснювати; спостереження; відстань; стандарт; можливий; основний; вибирати; постачати; мережа; діяльність; надмірний; підрозділ; спонтанно; відділ; формальний; використання; відноситись; здібність; прийнятний; відрізнятись; об’єднувати; творчий; змушувати; співпрацювати; тенденція; розпізнання; роз’яснювати; наглядати; перешкода; передбачати; вплив; залежати від; перевантажений; винятковий; перешкода.

Task 10. Match each word in section A with the one of the similar meaning in section B:

A. To furnish; to vary; to force; to select; to depend on; to cause; to clarify; to supervise; to incorporate; to relate; to cooperate; to undertake.

B. To work together; to be connected with; to include; to administer; to take on; to make clear; to motivate; to choose; to oblige; to differ; to supply; to reckon on.

Task 11. Match each word in section A with the one of the opposite meaning in section B:

A. Intentional; formal; informal; advantageous; spontaneous; receivable; excessive; underlying; workable; overloaded; exceptional.

B. Planned; unaccepted; moderate; minor; ordinary; underloaded; impracticable; formal; accidental; informal; disadvantageous.

Task 12. Match each word in section A with its definition in section B:

A. Operation; identification; obstacle; network; room; utilisation; capacity; department; division; span; tendency; bottleneck; impact; observation; standard.

B. Coming to know by seeing; affect or influence made on smb.; measure, distance; a section; a distinct branch of a whole; the quality of tending towards smth.; obstruction to flow; work, activity; an interconnected system; a model to be followed or imitated; process of using smth.; mental ability; process of confirming some parameters; space available to contain smth.; an obstruction which prevents a forward movement.

Task 13. Rearrange the following jumbled words into sentences:

1. Designing and maintaining, is, the managerial function, the systems of roles, of organising. 2. An organisational role, which are, incorpo­rates, the most important part, different objectives, of planning. 3. Organising, and classification of, the identification, is, required activities. 4. An organisation structure, and, who is, is designed, who is to do what tasks, to clarify, responsible for what results. 5. Communications networks, and support, reflect, enterprise objectives. 6. Many authors on management, formal, and, distinguish between, informal organisation. 7. Formal organisation, the intentional structure of roles, in, means, a formally organised enterprise. 8. There is a room, and for recognition, for advantageous, utilisation of, of individual likes, creative talents, and capacity in the most formal of organisation. 9. Informal organisation, not established, or, required, is a network of, personal and social relations, by a formal organisation. 10. Organisation levels, a limit to the number of persons, a manager can supervise, exist, because there is, effectively.