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4 страница. Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст, будьте готовы отве­тить на вопросы:



Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст, будьте готовы отве­тить на вопросы:

The Town of Vladimir

Every city or town isproud of its own history. Vladimir is one of the an­cient Russian towns that played the major role in the emergence of the Russian state.

Founded as a fortress by Vladimir Monomakh of Kiev in 1108, the town was named Vladimir in honor of its founder.

The town of Vladimir has enjoyed times of prosperity and known periods of decline.

In the 12th century under the rule of Andrei Bogolyubsky, the town became the political and cultural centre of ancient Rus.

In those years many beautiful churches and cathedrals were built – the Ca­thedral of Assumption (1158-1160), the Cathedral of St. Demetrius (1194-1197), the Golden, the Silver, the Copper, the Volga gates and some others.

In the 13th century Vladimir suffered heavy damage during the Mongol in­vasion. The Mongols departed after looting and burning the town. In spite of this disaster Vladimir was still the main political and religious centre of Russia for the next 200 years. Then Moscow was recognized as the centre of Russia.

In 1778 Vladimir became the centre of gubernia or province. Many monu­ments of civil architecture were built in the town during the 18th and early 20th centuries.

The present-day Vladimir is the administrative, industrial, educational and cultural centre of the Vladimir region.

With a population of nearly 370 000, Vladimir is a town of rather high in­dustrial potential. Vladimir manufactures electrical motors, tractors, chemicals, consumer goods.

Today the town has two universities, the institute of Law of the Russian Interior, some colleges, children's musical and sports schools.

Vladimir can boast such cultural facilities as: the Museum of regional studies, the Museum of crystal and many other interesting expositions devoted to ancient culture, heroic history and modem life of our town. There are two theatres, a concert hall, a picture gallery, movie houses, Youth Centres, libraries, stadiums, swimming pools, parks.

Of importance to the town's history is a new monument to Andrei Rublev (1995) not tar from the Cathedral of the Assumption.

Vladimir is a tourist centre and is included into the "Golden Ring of Russia" tourist route.

Vladimir residents are proud of the town they live in.

Задание 3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. When was the town of Vladimir founded?

2. Who founded the town of Vladimir?

3. What famous architectural monuments are there in Vladimir?

4. When did Vladimir become the centre of gubernia?

5. What cultural facilities are there in Vladimir?

6. Why is the town of Vladimir included into the "Golden Ring of Russia" tourist route?

7. What is your native town?

8. What is your native town famous for?

9. Are there any architectural monuments in your town? What are they?

10. Are there any industrial enterprises in your native town?

11. What goods do they produce?

12. Are you proud of your native town?


Тема 5

our country

Задание 1. Прочитайте и запомните слова и словосочетания к теме:

to divide - разделять(-ся), делить(-ся)
landscape - ландшафт
various - различный, разнообразный
desert - пустыня
valley - долина
to occupy - занимать
to be rich in smth. - быть богатым чем-либо
natural resources - природные ресурсы
to supply - удовлетворять
mineral reserves - запасы полезных ископаемых
timber - строевой лес
article - предмет торговли
multinational - многонациональный
to unite - объединять
confession - вероисповедание
to inhabit - жить, населять
to elect - избирать, выбирать
legislative body - законодательный орган
chamber - палата
Council of Federation - Совет Федерации
supreme executive power - верховная исполнительная власть
belong - принадлежать
judicial power - судебная власть
court - суд
contribution - вклад
engineering - техника
art - искусство
worldwide - всемирно известный, мировой
peaceful purposes - мирные цели
achievements - достижения
outer space - космос
trend - тенденция
to believe - верить
prosperous - процветающий
world community - мировое сообщество

Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст, будьте готовы ответить на вопросы:

Russia

Russia is one of the largest countries in the world. Its territory is 17 million square kilometres. The country is divided into the Western and Eastern parts by the Urals, so Russia is both a European and Asian country.

The landscape of Russia is various: from forests to deserts, from high mountains to deep valleys. Russia's territory occupies various climatic zones.

Russia is rich in natural resources. It is one of the countries that can supply itself with all the necessary mineral reserves. Such natural resources as gas, oil and timber are articles of Russian export.

The population of Russia is about 150 million people. Russia is a multina­tional country and unites people of different cultures and confessions. Today over 40 nations inhabit Russia.

Politically, Russia is a parliamentary state. The President is the head of the State and is elected once every four years. The highest legislative body is the Federal Assembly. The Federal Assembly consists of two chambers: the Council of Federation and the State Duma. The supreme executive power belongs to the Government with the Prime Minister at the head. The judicial power belongs to the system of courts. It consists of the Constitutional Court, Supreme Court and other courts.

Russia is a country of developed industry and agriculture. Russian cultural traditions and contribution to science, engineering, art and literature are recog­nized worldwide. Russia was the first to use atomic energy for peaceful pur­poses. The achievements of our scientists and engineers are greatest in the study of outer space, and the first space pilot was a Russian citizen Yuri Gagarin.

In spite of some negative trends that have recently taken place in economy, the Russians believe in their mother country. We are sure that our country will become a truly democratic and prosperous state of the world community.

Задание 3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is the territory and population of Russia?

2. What mountains divide Russia into the Western and Eastern parts?

3. Is Russia rich in natural resources?

4. What is the political structure of Russia today?

5. What is the official name of Russia?

6. How often is the President elected?

7. Who is the President of Russia today?

8. What are the highest bodies of state power in Russia?

9. What is the highest legislative body in Russia?

10. How many chambers are there in the Federal Assembly?

11. What body does the executive power belong to?

12. What does the system of courts consist of?

13. In what fields are the achievements of our scientists and engineers greatest?


Тема 6

GREAT BRITAIN

Задание 1. Прочитайте и запомните слова и словосочетания к теме:

to border on - граничить
surface - поверхность
plain - равнина
to influence - влиять
mild - мягкий
humid - влажный
deposit - залежь
the coal-mining industry - угледобывающая промышленность
alloy - сплав
vehicle - средство (передвижения)
satellite - спутник
ancient - старинный
lack - недостаток, отсутствие
requirement - потребность
monarchy - монархия
to reign - царствовать
to rule - править
chamber - палата
to hold elections - проводить выборы
voting - голосование, выборы
ballot - избирательный бюллетень
voter - избиратель
hereditary - наследственный
majority - большинство

Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст, будьте готовы ответить на вопросы:

Great Britain

The official name for the country whose language we study is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It consists of four parts: Eng­land, Wales, Scotland and the Northern Ireland. The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244 000 square kilometers. The population of Great Britain is more than 56 million people. The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. Northern Ireland oc­cupies one third of the Island of Ireland. It borders on the Irish Republic in the south. The surface of Great Britain varies greatly. The northern and western part of the country is mountainous and is called the Highlands. All the rest (south, east and centre) is a vast plain which is called the Lowlands. There are no high mountains in Great Britain. The highest mountain top, Ben Nevis, is only 1,343 m high.

There are many rivers in Great Britain but they are not very long. The most important of them are the Severn and the Thames. Most of the rivers flow into the North Sea. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain. The climate is mild and humid. Great Britain is not very rich in mineral resources, it has some deposits of coal, iron ore, oil and gas.

Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. Its main industries are coal-mining, machinery, textiles and clothing, shipbuilding, metal manufac­ture, electronics. Britain is a major producer of specialized alloys used by aero­space, electronic, petrochemical and other industries. Britain is the western world's largest producer of agricultural tractors, many of which are exported. It is also an important manufacturer of railway and motor vehicles. The products of the British aerospace industry include civil and military aircraft and satellites. The British clothing industry is one of the largest in Europe, and the woolen in­dustry is one of the world's largest.

The main industrial centres of Great Britain are as follows: London, the capital of Great Britain, Glasgow, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool and oth­ers. Birmingham and Sheffield are the most ancient centres of British iron and steel industry. Manchester is the centre of cotton industry. English agriculture is also a developed industry, but because of lack of cultivated lands, it produces nearly two-thirds оf British food requirements.

The state system of the country may be defined as a constitutional monar­chy, though Britain has not any written constitution as one act and the monarchy is a mere formality. English kings reign but do not rule. The power of the Queen of Great Britain is limited by Parliament. It consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The members of the House of Commons are elected. General elections to choose MPs must be held at least every five years. Voting is by secret ballot and is from the age of 18. The peers of the House of Lords are not elected by voters. Their seats in the chamber are, as a rule, hereditary. The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the Party that has a majority in Parliament. There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal Democratic. Britain heads the so-called British Commonwealth of Nations, whose members, among others, are Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

Задание 3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is the official name of Britain?

2. What parts does the United Kingdom consist of?

3. What is the territory of the United Kingdom?

4. What is the population of Britain?

5. What is the surface of the country?

6. Are there many rivers in Great Britain?

7. What is the climate of Great Britain?

8. Is Great Britain rich in mineral resources?

9. What are the main industries of Great Britain?

10. What can you say about the institute of monarchy in Britain?

11. What chambers does the British Parliament consist of?

12. Are seats in Parliament hereditary or elected?

13. What are the main political parties in Britain?

14. Who usually becomes the Prime Minister in Britain?

15. What countries-members of the British Commonwealth of Nations – do you know?


Тема 7

THE PROFESSION OF AN ENGINEER

Задание 1. Прочитайте и запомните слова и словосочетания к теме:

tool - инструмент, станок
applying - применение, использование
to invent - придумывать, создавать, изобретать
to construct - конструировать
to repair - ремонтировать
to solve a problem - решать проблему
to discover - обнаруживать, открывать
curiosity - любознательность
skill - способности, талант
essential - основное, самое главное
to accept responsibility - принимать ответственность
to be responsible for - быть ответственным за что-либо
desire - желание
success - успех
goal - цель
to meet a production schedule - исполнять производственный план
quality - качество
accuracy - точность
employee - рабочий, служащий
to encourage - воодушевлять, поощрять
to perform - исполнять, выполнять
quantity - количество
aim - намерение, замысел
to provide - обеспечивать, предоставлять
to obtain - приобретать, получать
solid - прочный
to assist - помогать
CAD Computer Aided Design - САПР
wastewater - сточные воды
traffic congestion - перегруженность, затор (уличного движения)
urban - городской
to expand - развивать, расширять
to emphasize - подчеркивать, придавать особое значение
to reinforce - закреплять
maintenance - содержание и техническое обслуживание
current - современный
to experience - испытывать
exhaust emission - выделение (продуктов сгорания) с выхлопными газами
knowledgeable - хорошо осведомленный

Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст, будьте готовы ответить на вопросы:

The Profession of an Engineer

If you enjoy working with tools, machines, technical systems, computer programs, and enjoy applying your knowledge and skills in inventing, con­structing, repairing or problem solving, and if you enjoy discovering how this or that automatic system works, you may want to become an engineer.

Intellectual curiosity and skills in mathematics and science are essential for an engineer. Skills in these areas plus the ability to work hard, to communicate and work in harmony with people, to accept responsibility, and a desire to serve humanity will mean success for you.

As an engineer, one of your major goals is to help your enterprise or com­pany meet a production schedule with a high quality, greater accuracy and operational precision, low-cost products or service.

To have a productive working environment you, as an engineer, must work in harmony with the employees you supervise that encourages them to perform well. You will need to know production methods and control systems, manufac­turing processes and computer science.

To ensure that you have the right quantity and quality of product or service: at the right time, you, as an engineer, must coordinate people, machines, infor­mation, and materials.

These aims for an engineer may be achieved by higher education in all its forms: full-time, part-time, and correspondence or extra-mural.

The system of correspondence education remains an important way to re­ceive higher education.

Vladimir State University, which is over 40 years old, offers a correspon­dence course with a variety of interesting career areas. Among them are: Civil Engineering, Radio Engineering, Engineering Technology, Automotive Tech­nology and others.

The Department of Civil Engineering provides students with an opportunity to obtain a solid foundation of knowledge and skills that assist and will assist in their job.

The Department has modern laboratories in all of the major areas of civil engineering, a design office with the CAD facilities and computer rooms.

We needn't say how important the profession of a civil engineer is. Civil engineers plan, design, supervise and construct facilities essential to modern life such as: buildings and bridges, highways and tunnels, dams and water facilities, wastewater facilities and others.

Civil engineers solve problems resulting from: pollution, urban develop­ment, traffic congestion, energy needs and others.

Men and women entering civil engineering today can look forward to unlimited range of career opportunities. They include design, construction, re­search, teaching, sales and management.

The Department of Radio Engineering provides training radio engineers in the following areas: radio communication, radio location and radio navigation, automation of radio measurements, electronic systems of control, television.

Radio engineering is one of the most rapidly developing and expanding of the modern technologies. This rapid development has created a great demand for radio engineers capable to serve as technicians in technical control departments of the industrial enterprises, design offices, computing centres, research insti­tutes.

Fundamental concepts of radio engineering circuits and signals, micro­processors, analogue and digital devices, antennas and ultra-high frequency devices, computing technique. Fundamentals of the circuit theory are empha­sized in lectures and reinforced with practical laboratory activities.

The facilities of the Department include laboratories with testing equipment and computer rooms. Besides the Department offers extensive CAD and analy­sis of circuits and control systems.

The Department of Engineering Technology trains mechanical engineers. The program of the Department provides students with an opportunity to obtain basic engineering knowledge in different spheres of machine elements, machine tool designing, automation of manufacturing processes, metal cutting, etc. The program starts with the basics, with lectures that give the theory and laboratories where you use that theory practically.

The facilities of the Department include laboratories in all the major areas of engineering technology, testing equipment, computer rooms.

Despite the transition period, in which Russia is at present, there is a grow­ing need for mechanical engineers that are familiar with new technological methods, new tools, machines and new materials.

The Department of Automotive Technology offers an opportunity to be­come a highly skilled automotive engineer in the following areas: engine opera­tion and maintenance, engine repair and engine rebuilding, production techno­logy and text equipment.

Current automotive trends indicate that the automobile will continue to ex­perience changes that include expanded use of electronics and computerized controls for improving engine performance, fuel efficiency, exhaust emissions, and passenger comfort and safety. These changes will require service techni­cians who are knowledgeable and highly skilled in specialized areas of automo­tive technology.

Rapid growth in the number of vehicles operating in our country demands corresponding increase in the number of automotive engineers and mechanics to maintain and repair them.

Задание 3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What qualities should an engineer possess?

2. What is an engineer responsible for?

3. Is it necessary for an engineer to know the computer science?

4. Does Vladimir State University offer a correspondence course?

5. What career areas does the correspondence course of Vladimir State Univer­sity offer?

6. What is the name of the department you study at?

7. Why do many young people want to enter the correspondence department?

8. What career area will you go into after graduating from the university?

9. Do you agree that the qualification of an engineer is a stimulating and satis­fying career?

10. What does the qualification of an engineer mean?





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