Может дать большую эффективность и меньшие издержки

21.7.1.2. Read the text “Latin American Integration Association” and enumerate the countries

Which joined it.

Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) is the successor to the Latin American Free

Trade Association (LAFTA), signed in 1960, under which Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico,

Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay agreed to establish a free-trade area. Ecuador and Colombia

Joined the following year and Venezuela in 1966. Significant reductions in internal tariffs were

Achieved. However, in 1969 Chile and Peru joined Bolivia, Colombia and Ecuador in forming

A new economic grouping (Andean Pact), and in 1981 the Free Trade Association was replaced

By the Latin American Integration Association. The member countries of this are Bolivia,

Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The intention of

LAIA is to reduce tariffs between member countries but on a pragmatic industry-by-industry

Approach, rather than by across-the-board tariff reductions following a fixed timetable, which

Was attempted by LAFTA.

21.7.1.3. Read the text “Association of South East Asian Nations.” Answer the question: What

countries are members of ASEAN?

Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an association set up in 1967 by five countries

in South-East Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. In 1976,