Суффиксы, обозначающие абстрактные понятия, процессы, действия, качество или состояние

-ism	hero	герой	heroism	героизм
-ment	to achieve	достигать	achievement	достижение
-hood	child	ребенок	childhood	детство
-ship	dictator	диктатор	dictatorship	диктатура
-age	to marry	жениться, выходить замуж	marriage	брак, супружество
-al	to arrive	прибывать	arrival	прибытие
-ing	to cross	пересекаться	crossing	пересечение
-ence	to differ	различаться	difference	различие
-ency	to depend	зависеть	dependency	зависимость
-ance	to resist	сопротивляться	resistance	сопротивление
-tion	to dictate	диктовать	dictation	диктант
-sion	to decide	решать	decision	решение
- sion	to permit	разрешать	permission	разрешение
-dom	king	король	kingdom	королевство
-ness	kind	добрый	kindness	доброта
-ity	real	реальный действительный	reality	реальность действительность
-ancy	constant	постоянный	constancy	постоянство

1.1 Form nouns by means of the suffix – er / -or. Translate them.

Model: to work – worker (работать – рабочий)

to read, to lecture, to convert, to visit, to compose, to use, to teach, to support, to design, to dry, to ventilate, to heat, to inspect, to print, to translate, to generate, to act, to lead, credit, to drive, to interpret, to murder, to edit, to buy, to travel, to sail, to admire, to ski, to rob, to supply

1.2 –er / -ee

-er usually has an active meaning e.g. examiner (a person who sets an examination)

-ee usually has a passive meaning e.g. examinee (a person who takes an examination)

Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentences below.

interviewer / trainer / employer / interviewee / trainee / employee

1 I was given a pay rise of £1,000 by my ________.

2 A football team normally has a ________ to keep the players fit.

3 A television ________ should always give the ________ a proper chance to express his or her opinions.

4 That company has 200 people working in its factory. My brother works there and I, too, am an ________.

5 At the moment he’s a management ________. If he’s successful, he’ll be given his first responsible position in January.

1.3 Form nouns by means of the suffix – ing. Translate them.

Model: to draw – draw ing

to read, to begin, to kidnap, to kill, to gather, to mean, to broadcast, to build, to coat

1.4 Form nouns by means of the suffix – ist. Translate them.

Model: telegraph – telegraph ist

special, social, geology, ecology, natural, style, cycle, strategy, physics, human, economy

1.5 –ist / -ian From the nouns below make other nouns describing people by adding – ist or –ian to the end and making any other necessary spelling changes.

Model: Brazil – Brazil ian violin – violin ist

motor, electricity, Paris, piano, history, art, politics, economy, bicycle, journal, magic, science, comedy, flower, music, archaeology, tobacco, terror

1.6 Form nouns by means of the suffix – tion /-sion /-ssion. Translate them.

Model: to combine – combina tion

to inform, to divide, to decide, to convert, to construct, to interact, to collect, to penetrate, to gasify, to impress, to transmit, to permit, to express, to discuss

1.7 Form nouns by means of the suffix – ment. Translate them.

Model: to attach – attachment

to measure, to move, to treat, to state, to improve, to agree, to equip, to announce, to pronounce, to require

1.8 Form nouns by means of the suffix – ness. Translate them.

Model: black – blackness

thick, great, rough, guilt, bright, cold, exact, hard, effective

1.9 Define the root of the following words. Translate them.

Model: production - product

scientist, reporter, operator, attachment, measurement, multiplication, beginning, division, radiator, relationship, brotherhood, illustration, leadership, kindness, shortage, difference, mixture, realist, relativity, leakage, usage, judgement, conclusion

1.10 Find the equivalents of these nouns.

отражение, отблеск (reflect, reflector, reflection, reflective),

академик (academic, academical, academician, academy),

несчастный случай (accidentally, accidental, accident),

деятельность (activity, action, actionable, active, activate),

путешествие, поездка (tourist, tourism, tour, tourer)

забота, внимание (careless, careful, carefree, carefully, care)

истребитель, искоренитель (exterminatory, exterminator, exterminate, extermination)