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Part III. Grammar supplement
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§1 Table of Tenses (Active, Passive)
| The Active Voice | ||||
| Indefinite | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous | |
| Обычное, привычное, повторяющееся. (usually; always; every; as a rule.) –V + S в 3 лице ед. числа | Длящееся в определённый момент времени. (now; at 2 o’clock; at this moment.) to be +V’ing | Законченное к определённому моменту времени. (just; already; yet; this…; by.) to have +3f. | Начатое но незаконченное действие. (for; since.) to have been +V’ing | |
| Present | I ask. Do you ask? He asks. Does he ask? I don’t ask. He doesn’t ask. | I am asking. He is asking. Are you asking? He is not asking. | I have asked. He has asked. Have you asked? Has he asked? I have not asked. | I have been asking. He has been asking. Have you been asking? I have not been asking |
| Past (yesterday; ago; last…; дата в прошлом) | I asked. I brought. Did I ask? I didn’t ask. | I was asking. I was bringing. Was I asking? I was not asking. | I had asked. I had brought. Had I asked? I hadn’t asked. | I had been asking. I had been bringing. Had I been asking? I had not been asking. |
| Future (next…; tomorrow; in(через); дата в будущем) | I shall ask. He will ask. Will you ask? I shan’t ask. He won’t ask. | I shall be asking. He will be asking. Will he be asking? I shan’t be asking. | I shall have asked. He will have asked. Will he have asked? He won’t have asked. | I will have been asking. Will you have been asking? I will not have been asking. |
| Future-in-the-past (He said…) | He would ask. | He would be asking. | He would have asked. | He would have been asking. |
| Если сказуемое состоит из нескольких частей то его изменяемая часть – Первая! | ||||
| The Passive Voice To be+ 3f. Действие направленное на подлежащее. (сь, ся, ют, ет.) | ||||
| Present | I am told. The work is done. | I am being told. The work is being done. | I have been told. The work has been done. | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| Past | I was told. The work was done. | I was being told. The work was being done. | I had been told. The work had been done. | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| Future | I shall be told. The work will be done. | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | I shall have been told. The work will have been done. | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| §2 Modal Verbs | |||
| can | may | must | |
| Present | can | may | must |
| Past | could | might | ---- |
| Future | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| SUBSTITUTES | |||
| to be able to | to be allowed to | to have to, to be to | |
| Present | I am able to I am not able to Are you able to …? | I am allowed to… I am not allowed to… Are you allowed to…? | I have to… I don't have to… Do I have to…? |
| Past | I was able to I was not able to … Was I able to…? | I was allowed to … I was not allowed to… Was I allowed to…? | I had to … I didn't have to… Did I have to…? |
| Future | I will be able to… I will not be able to Will you be able to…? | I will be allowed to… I will not be allowed to… Will I be allowed to…? | I will have to… I will not have to Will I have to…? |
Can - физическая или умственная возможность выполнения действия
May - разрешение выполнения действия
Must – долженствование выполнения действия
Ought to - моральный долг
Should - совет, рекомендация выполнения действия
Need - необходимость выполнения действия
Дата публикования: 2014-12-28; Прочитано: 218 | Нарушение авторского права страницы | Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!
