IV. Fill in the spaces with the suitable words and word combinations. 1. Without the skills included in our present-day civilization never could have evolved

1. Without the skills included in … our present-day civilization never could have evolved. 2. Many of the early branches of engineering were based not on science but on … that depended on observation and experience rather than on... 3. First steam engines and then other kinds of machines … that had previously been done by human beings or by animals. 4. James Watt, one of the key figures in the early development of steam engines, devised … to make it easier for his customers to understand the amount of work his machines could perform. 5. One result of the rapid expansion of … was an increase in the number of.... 6. Thе growth in the number of specialties is continuing with the establishment of such disciplines as.... 7. Within the field of … the major subdivision is industrial engineering, which is concerned with … for industry. 8. In the design of a new aircraft … work not only on the plane's engines but on other mechanical aspects such as … 9. When the aircraft … mechanical and industrial engineers are involved in … necessary to fabricate the entire system. 10. In both phases of such a project mechanical engineers work with specialists in fields such.... 11. Another result of the increase … is that engineering has become a profession. 12. A profession is an occupation like … that requires specialized advanced education. 13. Today it requires … leading to a Bachelor of Science degree. 14. A mechanical engineer who … cannot successfully compete with one who does. 15. All of this means that … is never really finished. 16. The word engineer is used … in English. 17. It refers to the professional engineer who has … and an education in one of the engineering specialties. 18. Engineer is also used to de­scribe a person who … an engine or machine. 19. Engineers in this sense are essentially … rather than professional engineers. 20. The public has become much more aware of … of engi­neering projects. 21. Engineers are working to solve … by designing devices that reduce pollution and improve fuel efficiency. 22. Engineering is described as a profession that … of theoretical science. 23. A successful engineer must enlarge … to include the idea that the work is safe and desirable for society.