Definitions

1. to get money for working = earn

2. extra payment

3. a job which you are trained for and which you expect to do all your working life

4. moving up to a more important job

5. situations you have lived through

6. to employ new staff

7. talking to a person to see if he/she is suitable for a job

8. way in which someone does things

9. to ask for a job

10. process of looking for new employees

11. the money a company pays a worker each month

12. a lost of the better people who have asked for a job

13. being taught how to do something

14. someone who has asked for a job

15. a document which shows your education and work experience

16. the people who work in a company: their abilities and possibilities
17 proof that you have completed a specialized course of study

V Which words do the following sentences define?

1. To inspire, to induce, to give a reason or incentive to someone to do something.

a) motivate

b) promote

c) provoke

2. A person employed by someone else, working for money.

a) earner

b) employee

c) employer

3. Relations between employers and employees, managers and workers, management
and unions.

a) human relations

b) labour relations

c) labour unions

4. Having control of something as part of your job.

a) command

b) power

c) responsibility

5. Money paid (per hour or day or week) to manual workers.

a) earnings

b) salary

c) wages

6. A fixed regular payment made by employers, usually monthly, for professional or
office work.

a) earnings

b) salary

c) wages

7. Advantages which come with a job, apart from wages or salary.

a) benefits

b) profits

c) supplements

IPLOYMENT 63

8. To be raised to a higher rank or better job.

a) motivation

b) promotion

c) sales promotion

9. Knowing that there is little risk of losing one's job.

a) bureaucracy

b) job safety

c) job security

10. Having particular abilities, acquired by training.

a) educated

b) skilled

c) talented

VI. Match the terms with the definitions.

Terms	Definitions
1. Structural unemployment	a) Unemployment arising from a long-term decline in a particular industry.
2. Cyclical unemployment	b) Unemployment occurring in certain industries, e.g. building, tourism and farming, where the demand for labour fluctuates in seasonal patterns throughout the year.
3. Frictional unemployment	c) Unemployment arising from a difficulty in matching unemployed workers with available jobs.
4. Seasonal unemployment	d) A form of structural unemployment, which occurs when new technologies are introduced.
5. Technological unemployment	e) Unemployment occurring in the downswing of an economy in between two booms.

VII. Phrasal verbs. Natural English conversation includes a lot of phrasal verbs. These are verbs made up of two words: a verb and a preposition (e.g. I get up at 7 o'clock). Complete the sentences below with the phrasal verbs in the box. You will have to change forms of some of the verbs to make the grammar of the sentence correct. The first one has been done for you as an example.

1. She handed over responsibility to her assistant.

2. Sales have____ since we reduced the price to $9.99.

3. Sales are falling, costs are rising; the company is______ disaster.

4. After the disagreement the workers______ in protest.

5. ____ the cheque____ to "Smith and Company'.'

6. I can___ $25___ the price and that's my final offer.

7. I've called several times, but I can't_____ to him.

8. I'm afraid I'll have to_____ our meeting until tomorrow: we've had a problem in the

factory.

9. If you can____ for a minute I'll check if he's free.

10. Management and unions have reached agreement and the strike has been_______.

11. We____ the old telephones and installed a computerized system.

12. We____ a new version of the program in July.

13. Last time this machine_____ we lost six hours' production.

14. He's never going to pay this bill; you'll have to just_____ it____.

15. She left her company and_____ business for herself.

PART I. ECONOMICS

a) "break down"	= to stop functioning
b) "bring out"	= to produce something new
c) "call off"	= to cancel
d) "get through"	= to contact on the phone
e) "go into"	= to enter or start
f) 'hand over"	= to give control to someone else
g) "head for"	= to go in a direction
h) "hold on"	= to wait
i) "make out"	= to write an official document
j) "put off"	= change to a later date
k)"shoot up"	= increase rapidly
1) "take off"	= remove or deduct
m) "throw out"	= to reject or discard
n) "walk out"	= to go on strike
o) "write off"	= to cancel a debt from the accounts