Gender Forms

The category of Noun Gender is known to be expressed in English indirectly: either through pronouns or by lexical means. This informa­tion is to be born in mind by translators when translating from Ukrain­ian into English. Again an example will do to illustrate the problem: кіт - tom-cat, he-cat

Sequence of Tenses

As the readers of this Manual might know from their language course the Sequence of Tenses is a peculiar system of correlation between the Verb Tenses in the main and subordinate clauses. Since similar sys­tem is missing in Ukrainian it may present a problem for translation, especially from Ukrainian into English.

Speaking generally, however, this problem hardly belongs to the most critical problems of translation similar to all other regular trans­formations including those mentioned above in this lecture.

•* Regular transformations do not present a serious problem for translation because of their regularity and predictability: what is needed is to know the relevant rule and use it in translation practice, unlike occasional transformations and equivalents which require in­dividual and sometimes unique solutions.

The issue of regular and occasional transformations is related to dif­ferent translation devices and variations which are dealt with in the lec­tures that follow. Besides, regular grammatical transformations in trans­lation of official documents (diplomatic, legal, and economic) are ex­plained in more detail below in this Manual.

Література:

1. Комиссаров В.Н. Современное переводоведение. Учебное пособие. – М.: ЭТС. – 2002. – 424 с.

2. Комиссаров В.Н. Лингвистика перевода. - М, 1981.

3. Корунець І.В. Теорія і практика перекладу. - Вінниця, 2003. - 448 с.

4. Мірам Г.Є. Дейнеко В.В. Основи перекладу. - К., 2003.

5. Мирам Г.Е. Переводныe картинки. Профессия: переводчик. - К., 2001.

6. Мирам Г.Е. Профессия: переводчик. - К., 1999.

7. Нелюбин Л.Л. Переводческий словарь. - М., 1999.

8. Федоров А.В. Основы общей теории перевода. - М., 1975.

Questions

1. What is a transformation?

2. What types of transformations do you know?

3. What is an occasional transformation? Give examples.

4. What regular transformations are typical for English-Ukrainian translation?

5. Which type of transformations presents major translation problems and why?