Ischemia

13 vascular……….

13 ischemic ……….

15 pre-static ……….

16 jerk-like ……….

6 Choose the right word from among those in italics.

1. Microcirculation is the movement of blood in small blood blisters/banks/ vessels not more than 100 mcm in diameter.

2. Metarteriole branches/cells/fragments from the middle part of the arteriole pass through the capillary bed to the venule.

3. A proximal line/part/bronchus of the metarteriole gives rise to numerous true capillaries/dwarves/believers.

4. The distal cusp/radius/segment of the thoroughfare receives capillaries from the microcirculatory bed.

5. The principal challenge/channel/host is characterized by low fever/ resistance/jaw to blood flow.

6. Arterial/venous/mixed hyperemia is a dynamic increase of blood filling in a portion of tissue due to enhanced movement/inflow/outflow of blood through arteries.

7. Outflow is also increased here in accordance with the enhanced inflow, as well as the linear and volume characteristics/velocities/data of blood flow.

8. The etiology of venous hyperemia is limited to mechanical obstacle/hindrance/obstruction to drainage inside the veins or to external storage/pressure/use.

9. In the case of venous hyperemia the blood supply/sugar/flow is slowed down.

10. Mixed (combined) hyperemia results from a combination of venous and arterial types/grooves/pressure.

7 Read the conversation between an examiner and a student. Complete the student’s responses using phrases a – f.

a They seem to be

b As a matter of fact

c ideally

d I’ll almost certainly work in a hospital as a hematologist.

e It’s probably

f They’re almost certainly

Examiner: Now let’s talk about the phenomenon of microcirculation and

microcirculation changes. How do you think the term

“microcirculation” can be defined?

Student: 1 ……….,microcirculation is the movement of blood in small

blood vessels not more than 100 mcm in diameter such as arterioles,

terminal arterioles with precapillary sphincters, metarterioles, true

capillaries, plasma capillaries, postcapillary, collective and muscle

venules.

Examiner: What is the diameter of muscle venules?

Student: 2 ………. 50 to 100 microcentimetres wide.

Examiner: Precisely. And which part of the metarteriole gives rise to numerous true capillaries?

Student: I’m not really sure. 3 ………. a proximal part of the metarteriole.

Examiner: Now,could you tell me which blood vessels control the entry of blood into the capillaries?

Student: Let me see. 4 ………. the precapillary sphincters of the arteriole and metarteriole.

Examiner: OK. Let’s change the subject. What sort of job do you think you will have in the future?

Student: Oh, 5 ………. an extremely interesting one. 6 ……….

8 Conditional clauses are often used to introduce or develop arguments and opinions. When we think the situation is possible or likely in the future, we use conditional clauses joined by if/provided/unless…etc. Pay special attention to the use of the present tense forms instead of future tense ones.