Translating

17. There is the difference between affect and effect. Use the verb affect to talk about making changes, and the noun effect to talk about the result of changes: Do you think the changes in the law will affect us? / I don’t know what effect they will have. Effect can be used as a verb, but only in very formal English. Translate the following:

1. Their health was badly affected by the climate. 2. Some plants are quickly affected by pollution. 3.I think it is necessary to effect a change in the plan. 4. The deterioration of the biosphere affects all the population of the planet. 5. He was affected by the news. 6. The changes in the environment affected the climate. 7. The payments of his debts can be effected by an agreement. 8. I don't think this measure can effect a favourable change.

18.Pay attention to the conjunctions while translating the sentences:

1. Acid rains affect both plant and animal life. 2. Environmental problems, despite their relatively short history, have already been an object of a number of international discussions. 3. Despite drastic anti-pollution measures taken by the government the ecological situation remains serious. 4. Environmental problems are being intensively studied at present, yet they are far from being solved. 5. Overuse of synthetic chemical fertilizers is affecting fish and wildlife, as the chemicals drain through the fields into streams and ponds. 6. As the population of large cities continues to grow, the pollution problems get worse. 7. Urgent measures must be taken, if we are not to leave a dangerous and despoiled planet to future generations. 8. Environmental pollution affects every country, whether industrial or agrarian. 9. Since acid rains are a major threat to forests, possibilities of preventing them are being worked out.

19. Translate into Russian paying attention to nouns in the function of attributes:

1. No coal fires are allowed in London. 2. Cigarette smoke is a major factor in air pollution. 3. Oil pollution causes great damage to beaches and wildlife. 4. Air and water contamination result in serious health problems. 5. Acid rains are known to damage forests both in Europe and North America. 6. Waste disposal is a major problem in modern industry. 7. Risk factors for different types of environmental pollution are calculated. 8. Environmental situation has become a subject of separate and joint research efforts of ecopsychologist, biologists, chemists and biochemists.

20. Translate into English:

1. Загрязнение питьевой воды приводит к болезням. 2. Сигаретный дым отравляет воздух в общественных местах. 3.Новые автомобильные дороги часто портят сельскую местность, принося туда шум и загрязнение. 4. Проблемы защиты окружающей среды приобретают все большую важность. 5. Человечество стоит перед острыми экологическими проблемами. 6. Уровень загрязнения окружающей среды можно измерить при помощи специальных приборов.

21. Write an exact translation in Russian:

“The Effects of Global Warming”

Climate change would increase the number of people suffering from disease, injury and death from heatwaves, floods, storms, fires and droughts. Floods and tropical cyclones have the greatest impact in South Asia and Latin America. In August 2003, a heatwave in Europe resulted in excess mortality in the range of 35,000 total deaths. Drought reduces variety in diets and reduces overall consumption leading to malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies.

Climate change would increase cardio-respiratory morbidity and mortality associated with ground-level ozone. Ground-level ozone is both naturally occurring and is the primary constituent of urban smog. Ozone in smog is formed through chemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides and other compounds. The reaction is a photochemical reaction, meaning that it involves electromagnetic radiation, and occurs in the presence of bright sunshine and high temperatures. Exposure to elevated concentrations of ozone is associated with increased hospital admissions for pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, allergic rhinitis and other respiratory diseases, and with premature mortality.

A study by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2009) estimated the effect of climate change on human health. Climate change was estimated to have been responsible for 3% of diarrhea, 3% of malaria, and 3.8% of dengue fever deaths worldwide in 2004. Total attributable mortality was about 0.2% of deaths in 2004; of these, 85% were child deaths.

(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

22. Translate into Russian orally: