Read the dialogue and guess the meaning of the words in bold

Margareta: The trouble with graduates, people who’ve just left university, is that their paper qualifications are good, but they have no work experience. They just don’t know how business works.

Nils: I disagree. Education should teach people how to think, not prepare them for a particular job. One of last year’s recruits had graduated from Oxford in philosophy and she’s doing very well!

Margareta: Philosophy’s an interesting subject, but for our company, it’s more useful if you train as a scientist and qualify as a biologist or chemist - training for a specific job is better.

Nils: Yes, but we don’t just need scientists. We also need good managers, which we can achieve through in-house training courses within the company. You know we have put a lot of money into management development and management training because they are very important. You need to have some management experience for that. It’s not the sort of thing you can learn when you’re 20!