Переведите следующие предложения, учитывая значения модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов

1. I can give you my book for a couple of days.

2. You must work hard at your English.

3. The children cannot carry that box: it is too heavy.

4. May I take this book for a little while? - I'm sorry, but I must return it to the library at once.

5. The lecture is to begin at three.

6. She had to stay at home yesterday because she did not feel well.

7. Nobody could tell me the way to the post office.

8. I think, she will not be able to solve this problem.

9. May I ask you a question?

10. The chief must be in his office now.

11. The mixture is to be heated before the experiment.

12. I think, you will not have to wait for them long.

13. You should consult the doctor before using this medicine.

14. Will you be able to send him e-mail tonight?

Переведите следующие сложноподчиненные предложения

1. When the Roman Empire collapsed the roads gradually got into a very bad state.

2. Rapid spread of railways in the United Kingdom was due to George Stephenson who was an enthusiast and a brilliant engineer.

3. The House of Lords can ask the House of Commons to rewrite certain parts of a bill before it becomes a new law.

4. The Anglo-Saxons, who invaded England in AD 350, came from Germany, Denmark and Holland.

5. The Anglo-Saxons spoke the Germanic language which became the basis of Old English.

6. London taxies are often called cabs, from the French word 'cabriolet', which is a nineteenth-century word for a coach drawn by a horse.

7. In Britain there are many different types of music and groups that you can enjoy.

8. British people who want to make films often go to America because British film industry is not so big.

Unit 8

Прочтите и переведите следующий текст

Text 8

WALES

Wales has a very strong Celtic culture. Other Celtic languages have mainly disappeared, but Welsh has been in daily use for centuries. It is estimated that 80 per cent of the population spoke Welsh during the first quarter of the nineteenth century. Various factors then reduced the number of Welsh speakers: many English and Irish workers moved to South Wales during the nineteenth century; people moved to the cities where less Welsh was spoken; children were punished if they spoke Welsh at school.

In recent years, however, there has been a revival of interest in Welsh. It is now spoken as a first language by more than 20 per cent of the population. It is used as a first language in an increasing number of schools and it is studied as a second language in all other schools in Wales.

Welsh is recognized as a minority language by the EU¹. There are television and radio stations with Welsh-language programmes, even soaps.

The Welsh have been famous for their singing for centuries. On his travels around Wales in the twelfth century, Giraldus Cambrensis wrote “in a crowd of singers … you will hear as many melodies as you see mouths”. This tradition carries on today. If you go to any Welsh rugby match, you will hear supporters singing in harmony. Male-voice choirs are found throughout Wales and many Welsh people have become famous opera singers.

The reputation of Wales as a centre for music attracts musicians from all over the world to its various festivals: 40 countries take part in the International Music Eisteddfod each year, while Wales’ largest music festival, the National Eisteddfod, has performers from every Celtic country, including Scotland, Ireland, France and Spain.

Wales has not always been a part of Great Britain. Between the ninth and the eleventh centuries, Wales was divided into small states. In the thirteenth century, Llevelyn ap Iorwerth united the country and his son was crowned the first Prince of Wales. Welsh independence didn’t last long. Later that century, the English king, Edward I, decided to conquer Wales. The Welsh surrendered and Edward I of England gave the title of Prince of Wales to his own heir, Edward II. Since then the eldest son of the English king or queen has always been given the title “the Prince of Wales” and this is why Wales is called “Principality”.

Wales is famous for its castles. They were built by the Romans and the English to dominate the Welsh. There are so many of these medieval castles that they stretch like an iron chain across Wales. Perhaps the most impressive castle in Wales is Caerphilly. This immense fortress dating from 1268 is one of the greatest surviving castles of the medieval Western world. Caernarfon Castle in North Wales is the place where Prince Charles, the heir to the British throne, became Prince of Wales in 1969.

Many people go to Wales on holiday. It is famous for its mountains, which stretch from North to South Wales, its beautiful valleys and its national parks. You can go canal boating on the beautiful Llangollen Canal in the North; pony-trekking in the Snowdonia National Park; canoeing in the fast-flowing rivers and hiking in the hills. Most of its coastline is protected and has not been spoilt by tourism or industry.

Note

¹EU, European Union Евросоюз

Words

disappear исчезать

reduce уменьшать

punish наказывать

revival возрождение

increase увеличивать, повышать

recognize признавать

minority меньшинство

crowd толпа

choir хор

attract привлекать

performer исполнитель

divide делить

unite объединять

independence независимость

last длиться

conquer покорять, завоевывать

surrender сдаваться, капитулировать

heir наследник

castle замок

medieval средневековый

iron железный

chain цепь

immense огромный

fortress крепость

survive выживать

stretch простираться

valley долина

protect защищать

spoil (spoilt) портить

Сравните причастия

Participle I (“ing”- форма) Participle II (III форма глагола)

(причастие активного залога) (причастие пассивного залога)

translat ing – переводящий translat ed - переведенный

repair ing – ремонтирующий repair ed - отремонтированный

writ ing – пишущий written - написанный

do ing – делающий done – сделанный