Определите, какой частью речи являются следующие слова и переведите их. Earth (1 абзац), pad (2), extend (2), place(2), naming (4), vary (4), settlement (4), flowing (6), moisture (7)

Earth (1 абзац), pad (2), extend (2), place(2), naming (4), vary (4), settlement (4), flowing (6), moisture (7), distort (7).

Подберите эквиваленты к словосочетаниям, обозначенным цифрами

1) the frost line	a) опорные плиты
2) raft slabs	b) подходящая несущая способность
3) design considerations	c) линия промерзания
4) adequate load capacity	d) расчеты проекта
5) expansive clay	е) изменение объема глиняного слоя

Определите лишнее слово

a) footing	b) type	c) bedrock	d) raft slab
a) different	b) deep	c) shallow	d) broad
a) clay	b) sand	c) timber	d) skill
a) problem	b) change	c) question	d) concern
a) foundation	b) wall	c) street	d) roof

7. Опровергните высказывание:

1) A foundation is a structure that transfers loads to the roof.

2) Foundations are generally broken into three categories.

3) A shallow foundation is usually embedded a mile or so into soil.

4) In the slab-on-grade foundation the weight of the building is transferred to

the soil through a hole in the surface.

5) Differential settlement is when one part of a foundation settles outside the

soil.

6) Raft slabs with inherent stiffness have been developed in Asia.

Соотнесите фрагменты предложения так, чтобы смысл высказывания не был нарушен

1) Foundations are generally broken into two categories	a) to transfer a load from a structure through an upper weak layer of soil to a stronger deeper layer of soil.
2) Another common type is the slab-on-grade foundation	b) shallow foundations and deep foundations.
3) Differential settlement is	c) when one part of a foundation settles more than another part.
4) A deep foundation is used	d) special consideration must be given to the thermal effect the structure will have on the permafrost.
5) When structures are built in areas of permafrost,	e) where the weight of the building is transferred to the soil through a concrete slab placed at the surface.

Пользуясь содержанием текста, ответьте на вопросы

1) What does the term foundation mean?

2) How can we classify the foundations?

3) What is shallow foundation?

4) When is a deep foundation used?

5) Who designs foundations?

6) What conditions are to be provided to embed a foundation?

7) What can changes in soil moisture cause?

8) What aspect should be taken into account when designing a foundation?

А) Подготовьте краткое сообщение о различных типах оснований и их особенностях

б) Обсудите в парах, какие типы фундамента предпочтительнее в разных климатических условиях.
UNIT 9

BUILDING THE WALLS