Typology of word fromation16

Every word in different lang-es has 2 sets of forms. 1) word-changing form buikt with the help of word-changing morphemes

Ex. Дом – дома – домов, town – towns.

2) word-buildings set which is formed with the help of word-building morpheme, which change the meaning of a root morpheme:

Ex. Teach-teacher, дом-домик.

In English a root morpheme usually consists of the stem of a word. But in other flexional lang-es roots don’t coincide with the stem. According to their structure words in 2 lang-es may be divided into the following types:

1) Root (R) when a word consists of a root morpheme only.

2) R+suffix = this type is both productive in both lang-es. The most productive suffixes of nouns denoting the doer of the action are

Ex. Suffix – er, - or, ess, -nik.

In russ suffixes –тель, -щик, -чик are productive.

Less productive S of nouns in Eng –ship, -hood, -dom.

In Rus –у, -ок,…

In Riussian there’s a great number of S with some emotive or expressive charge –чик, еньк, ка, ик,

In Eng the meaning of such S is usually rendered with the help of word combinations.

2) the most productive S in Eng – abke, -full, -less

In Rus –ов, -ист, - оват, -ск,

Prefixal type Prefix+Root

Prefixes are more productive in verbs. The most productive in Eng is re- which corresponds in Russian to пере-. In Adjectives the most productive is Un- rendered with Не- in Rus.

Prefixal-suffixal type prefix+root+suffix.

Characteristic of both parts of speech in both lang.

Non-affixal type of word-building. The most productive model is Noun – verb. This type embraces a great number of derivative words in Eng.

Ex. A walk – to walk.

In Rus it is less productive. Some grammarians distinguish the same model

The Verb into a Noun – (ходить – ход)

A Noun – into verb (глаз – глазеть)

A noun in Instrumental case changes into an Adverb. Любоваться ранним утром. Утром мы пошли на речку.

A Noun is formed from attributive word-combinations Ex. Столовая комната – столовая. Военный человек – военный.