Typology of sentences in English and Russian

Typologically sentences are characterized by

1) The number of principle elements they be with 1 member or 2

2) Communicative function

3) Position if the predicate in preposition or postposition to a subject

4) Agreement between subject and predicate

5) Position of an attribute in preposition or postposition to the attributive word

6) Word-order it may be fixed or free

1). Characteristic of sentences according to The number of principle elements

Two-member sentences with subjects and predicates. They may be of 2 types: 1) verbal 2) nominal

Verbal 2 member sentences may be with agreement and without. In English such sentences may have the structure Attribute+Subject+predicate. And there’s no agreement b/w attribute and subject.

Ex. Red roses grow in the garden

Structure Attr+Subj+Pred with Agreement is typical of the Russian language only.

Nominal 2member sentences have predicates which consist of a link-verb usually the verb “to be” and nominal part which may be expressed by an Adj, a noun or a pronoun. 2 classes:

1. Sentences may have agreement in both members of the predicate or only in one. Sentences with agreement in both parts are typical of the Russian lang only

Ex. Он был выдающийся художник.

Sentences where nominal part of the predicate is expressed by an adj.

День был прекрасный.the day was nice.

Sentences with a noun in instrumental case which are typical of the Russian lang only

Ex. Он был поэтом -

2. Sentences in which the nominal part is expressed by a link verb which agrees with a subject. They are typical of the English lang only

Ex. She is clever, they are clever

Nominal part in this part may be expressed by a possessive pronoun “the book is mine”.

One-member sentences of verbal type which are typical of the Russian lang only. In English they have 2 members.

Ex. Морозит - it’s freezing

Темнеет - it’s getting dark

In rus in such sent pred may be expressed by a verb in the 2^nd person Sg

Ex. Тише едешь – дальше будешь.

By a verb in the 3^rd person

Ex. Вечерело, темнело, смеркалось.

3. By a 3^rd person Pl

Ex. Их разместили в гостинице.