Keeping the Caspian clean

Russia is systematically working to protect the seas, the Caspian included, from pollution by oil and other harmful substances. Scores of pollution control installations have been built on the Caspian shores to prevent oil from enterprises into water.

Dumping oil polluted water from ships is prohibited anywhere in the sea. All the water used in the engine and boiler rooms of seagoing vessels is gathered in special tanks and then delivered to floating or coastal purifying stations.

As from 1969 the dumping of oil polluted strata water into the sea has been discontinued at all oil fields, both marine and on land.

This water, extracted from the earth together with the oil, was dumped into the sea for dozens of years. Oil has been extracted on the Caspian coast for over 100 years, and marine oil fields have been in operation for 50 years. Nowadays this water is either pumped back into the oil pocket or is dumped back into fields that have no outlet so that it can evaporate there.

Oil pollution prevention is done at all oil fields. Take, for example, marine oil fields. Installations for collecting and purifying the strata water and pumping in back into oil strata, for treating oil tankers ballast water, and some other devices for the prevention of marine pollution have been built there during the last few years. Special traps are made to close the natural oil and gas outlets on the Caspian bed. This has not only helped to make the sea clear from pollution, but also to obtain commercial oil for the country's economy. We must say that the natural oil outlet on the seabed make combat with marine oil pollution much more difficult. Scientists and engineers are working on this problem.

Their work has allowed for the reduction by one half of the oil content in Caspian Sea water. Work on averting marine pollution is continuing.

Vocabulary:

installation - установка

dumping - сбрасывание

to seep into water – просачиваться, протекать

outlet 1) выпускное отверстие, вывод; 2) сток, вытекание

strata - пласт, слои

trap-ловушка

seabed -морское дно

to combat - сражаться

to prohibit – запрещать

2. Дайте эквиваленты на английском языке данным словосочетаниям:

охранять от загрязнения, вредные вещества, много установок для контроля над загрязнением, вода загрязнена нефтью, воду собирают в специальные резервуары, дрейфующие или побережные очистные станции, нефтяные месторождения, не только помогает избегать загрязнения, Каспийское побережье, дно Каспия, особые ловушки.

3.Ответьте на вопросы.

What is Russia systematical working?

What has been built on the Caspian Shores?

Why have scores of pollution control installations been built on the Caspian shores?

What is prohibited in the sea?

Where is all the water used in the engine and boiler rooms of seagoing vessels gathered?

What is done with this water then?

How long has the dumping of oil polluted strata water been discontinued into the sea?

Where was water, extracted from the earth together with the_: oil dumped?

How long has oil been extracted on the Caspian coast for?

What is done with oil polluted stratal water nowadays?

What problem are scientists and engineers working on?