Task 6. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed)

1. Poor are also less likely to have families who can support them while they ________outpatient treatment.

2. The cultural and structural lessons of the hidden curriculum are that children should accept the norms of their peers and make _________in their behaviour to fit a bureaucratic world.

3. The school experience thus tends to institutionalize and justify inequalities of family ________that might otherwise have been overcome.

4. Has the number of students visiting college risen ________________?

5. The history of American education illus­trates the changes which education ______________ in modern societies.

Task 7. Fill in the correct word from the box into the gaps below.

passion aim willingness undervalued effi­ciency curriculum achieve­ment peer evaluate to obey

1. The primary __________ of education remains the transmission of culture.

2. In schools the most influential primary group for students is their fellow students, or ________ group.

3. They also ……. much in­formation to each other directly: information about sex, about drugs, and about the latest fad in clothes and music.

4. In all the schools students admired academic ______less than other attributes, especially being a star athlete for boys and being "good looking" for girls.

5. More important than their in­tellectual ability was their _______ to work hard at a relatively unrewarded activity.

6. From the sociological perspective it is not surprising that academic accomplishments are ______ and that star students are often ridiculed as "grinds."

7. Teachers and administrators also teach students values and attitudes that are not in the school's formal __________.

8. The children in this classroom are also learning to _______themselves according to their teachers' standards.

9. To meet the requirements of organizational_____, the school day is divided into class peri­ods, lunch hours, and recess..

10. The most successful students have usually learned not only ________the rules but to please their supe­riors by anticipating their demands, or "giving teachers what they want".

Task 8. Are the following statements about the text true (T) or false (F)?

1.	Numerous studies have documented the rule that the lower the family's social standing, the higher a child's level of education	T / F
2.	Kahl discovered that working-class parents tended to be dissatisfied with their own jobs and anxious to have their sons do better than they had.	T / F
3.	Family back­ground is still the most important factor in educational achievement. Middle- and upper-class parents give their children the benefit of economic and social resources that working-class parents do not have.	T / F
4.	In spite of the ideal of educa­tional equality, children's social origins have nothing to do with the amount and the quality of the educa­tion they receive.	T / F
5.	The Head Start program was perhaps the broadest effort to eliminate the handicap of being "culturally disadvantaged."	T / F

Task 9. Now look again at the text and find words in the paragraphs 1-5, which mean the same as:

1) earnings (para 1)

2) successful (para 3)

3) broaden (para 2)

4) come out (para 1)

5) defect (para 4)

6) supply (para 3)

7) extraordinary (para 4)

8) stimulate (para 2)

9) effort (para 4)

10) to take part (para 4)

Task 10. Rearrange the letters to form a word used in the text, then match the word to its definition.

	ympolenemte		a to think carefully about something before making a judgement about its value, importance, or quality;
	nteuecoenarmg		bable to speak two languages extremely well;
	cagdbnuork		c the state of being equal, especially in having the same rights, status, and opportunities;
	tveualea		d wanting something very much, especially when this makes you nervous, excited, or impatient;
	eulqtyai		e work that you are paid regularly to do for a person or company;
	xaunois		f the amount, level, standard, etc. that is typical of a group of people or things;
	raevega		g the type of family, social position, or culture that someone comes from;
	ubilgnali		hwords or actions that give someone confidence or hope.

Task 11. Choose the best option to complete the sentences.

1. The Coleman report found three as­pects of family background to be especially im­portant: ____________

a) professions of the parents, the amount of children in the family, parents income

b) educational level of the parents, the family's income, and the interest the par­ents take in their children's education

c) the origin, income, status

2. Working class parents must therefore expend much more effort __________

a) to give them the same kind of support for educational goals as a middle-class family in a middle-class neighbourhood

b) and spend more money for education than middle-class families

c) to force their children to study

3. Education is not a "great equalizer," the Cole­man report paradoxically suggests, because the schools are __________

a) heterogeneous

b) homogeneous

c) identical

4. According to Melvin Kohl middle-class families tend to reward _____

a) self reliance and creativity

b) obedience and creativity

c) self reliance and respect

5. In paragraph 3 the statement “symbolic capital” means that ____________

a) middle-class parents provide their children with cul­tural experiences as classical music, art muse­ums, and the theater, etc

b) working class parents provide their children with cul­tural experience as classical music, art muse­ums, and the theater, etc

c) middle-class parents spend more money on the education of their children

Task 12. Use the words from the right side to make the expressions with the words from the left side. Then translate them into Ukrainian.

social	Average
overwhelming	Ahead
get	Class
on	support
educational	life
adult	equality

In this unit we make review of adjective, for more information see Appendix 7

GRAMMAR

Task 13. Fill in each gap with an adjective in the correct form. Pay attention to the rules of the comparison of the adjectives.

1. Learning to be punctual has nothing to do with learning to add and subtract, but it has a lot to do with learning to meet the strong demand for precise timing in the ______ (large) social structure.

2. In every school the "leading crowd," or _________(high) status group, had twice as many athletes and many more popular boys than it had brilliant students.

3. Family back­ground is still____________(important) factor in educational achievement.

4. Kahl discovered that these parents tended to be dissatisfied with their own jobs and anxious to have their sons do ______(good) than they had.

5. ________ (successful) students have usually learned not only to obey the rules but to please their supe­riors by anticipating their demands, or "giving teachers what they want."

Task 14. Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition from the box.

in about with of for

1. Working-class students are sometimes jealous _____ middle-class students.

2. While mastering the subject is certainly most important, grades can also be improved by being on time, obeying the rules, and acting interested ­­­­­_________what the teacher is saying.

3. The family and orga­nized religion were responsible _______ educa­tion in pre-industrial times.

4. Working-class parents tended to be dissatisfied_____ their own jobs and anxious to have their sons do better than they had.

5. People who are worried_______ their background have fewer chances than those who do not think about it.

Task 15. Match each word on the left to the word on the right with an opposite meaning. Make up sentences using these adjectives.

1. easygoing 2. prudent 3. diligent 4. stubborn 5. eager 6. ruthless 7. cooperative 8. versatile

A. lazy; B. uptight, strict; C. unhelpful; D. caring, sympathetic; E. flexible, open-minded; F. foolish; G. limited; H. apathetic.

Task 16. There is an extra word in each of the sentences below. Find an adjective in each sentence.

1. However, most on children know the second les­son of the hidden curriculum: Do as you're told!

2. Mid­dle-class children use more correct gram­mar and develop proper manners.

3. Compared these with the influ­ence of different family backgrounds, the school itself appears to have little effect on how well students perform in school.

4. The increas­ing demand for educated workers in an in­dustrial society, the growth of bureaucracy, democratic idealism, except all these cultural and social factors intertwined the educational system with other institu­tions in society.

5. In 1964 the Office of Education commis­sioned a very famous research report on educational opportunity by the sociologist James Cole­man.

Task 17 Complete the asterisked gaps in the chart below with words from the paragraphs indicated. Then fill the other gaps.

PARAGRAPH	NOUN	ADJECTIVE	VERB
§ 1	*	influential
§ 2	*		encourage
education	*
	*	valuable
§ 3	*		equal
*		perpetuate
§ 4	need		*
*	educational

Task 18. Write the correct person’s name under the adjective that best describes him or her.

There’s no point in arguing with Bruce. He won’t listen to the opinions of others, even if they prove him wrong.   As the headmaster of the school, Carol has to be able to do many different things. In addition to her regular duties, she’s also the accountant and hiring manager.   Victor takes care when making decisions in order to avoid unnecessary risk.   Students love Randy because he’s relaxed. He doesn’t mind if his students are late and he gives them a lot of freedom.   Robert, the new headmaster, fired four teachers in his first week. He’ll do whatever he has to reduce costs.   Patricia works hard and she makes an effort to do her tasks well.   Fresh out of university, Tanya, was excited about getting started with her job and learning new things.   Mike is very helpful. He’s always willing to be of assistance to the other members of the class.

easygoing ____________   prudent ____________   diligent ____________   stubborn ____________   eager ____________   ruthless ____________   cooperative ____________   versatile ____________

Task 19. Rearrange these words to form sentences, and translate them into Ukrainian.

1. and / values / their / peer / the /group / learn / of important / students / attitudes/ more/

2. works / how / the / people / curriculum / the / system / how / demands / the / and / school / deal / other / formal / of / young / each / teach / with to /

3. all / from / textbooks / not / learn / just / situation / their / from / the / of / lessons / aspects / school / these / students /

4. were / adolescent / the / these / of success / deterrent / the / Coleman / that / values / results / suggested / to / a subculture / to academic /

5. and / values / not / also / are / teach / in / and / curriculum / formal / that / students / administrators / the attitudes / school's / teachers/

Task 20. Find at least 10 adjectives in the text you have read.