Exercises. 1. Auscultation of the heart is the first step in cardiac physical examination

I. Agree or disagree:

1. Auscultation of the heart is the first step in cardiac physical examination.

2. The information obtained by inspection, palpation and percussion is not differentiated, extended and more definitely authenticated by auscultation.

3. The immediate method is often used.

4. The stethoscope should generally be employed for the examination of the heart.

5. In ambulatory patients it is not necessary to have them walk across the floor.

6. If an adventitious sound is heard over the mitral area, the character and time should be noted, and the sound followed toward the left axilla to the angle of the left scapula.

7. The second area of auscultation is in the second intercostal space at a point close to the right sternal line.

8. Should an adventitious sound be heard here, its time and character should be investigated, and the stethoscope placed over the veins of the leg to determine the transmission of the adventitious sound.

9. The third area to be investigated is the second intercostal space to the right of the sternum.

10. The fourth area to be auscultated is the upper part of the sternum near its junction with the ensiform cartilage.

11. If an adventitious sound is heard at this orifice, it should be followed toward the kidney.

12. The clinical areas for listening to the valve sounds do not correspond to the anatomic positions of the heart valves.

II. Answer the following questions:

1. What is acscullatiovi?

2. What is the object of auscultation?

3. What methods are practiced in auscultation of the heart?

4. Why can the immediate method be used?

5. Why is it preferable to use the mediate method?

6. What areas are examined during auscultation of the heart?

7. What are adventitious sounds?

8. Can you carry out auscultation of the heart?

9. Is it difficult to carry out auscultation of the heart?

III. Find the translation of the following phrases in the text:

1. наименее важный

2. полученная при

3. более точно подтверждается

4. единственное оправдание

5. отсутствие стетоскопа

6. легче проследить

7. заставить походить по полу

8. притом, что пациент находится в соответствующем (надлежащем) положении

9. вниз по грудине, постепенно доходя до верхушки лёгкого

10. следует проследить по направлению к печени

11. не соответствуют

12. выше указанных

13. происходит в этих точках