Exercise 8. Read and translate the text. Different Cadastral Issues

Different Cadastral Issues

There are a number of legal, technical, and operational cadastral issues that must be resolved according to the needs and constraints of each country or jurisdiction. Some of these are:

Documentation of informal or customary rights is sometimes con­nected to the establishment of land markets. In other cases the aim can be a document of a customary tenure system for land management purposes without changing the nature of the system or tenure relation­ships. In both cases it is essential that such reforms are only started after careful investigations of the need for and the consequences of the reform.

Land registration is the official recording of legally recognized inter­ests in land and it is usually a part of a cadastral system. From a legal perspective a distinction can be made between deeds registration, where the documents filed in the registry are the evidence of title, and regis­tration of title, in which the register itself serves as the primary evi­dence. Title registration is usually considered as more advanced regis­tration system, which requires more investment for introduction, but provides in principle greater security of tenure and more reliable in­formation. Title registration usually results in lower transaction costs than deed registration systems thereby promoting a more efficient land market.

Land registration (land titling) can be undertaken sporadically at the time of each legal transaction or systematically, area by area. While the sporadic approach gives more immediate benefits to individual land holders, the systematic approach provides a wider range of benefits more quickly, especially if the land registry is a part of a more compre­hensive land information system.

The basic unit in a Cadastre is known as a parcel. A parcel can be an area of land with a particular type of land use, or an area exclu­sively controlled by an individual or a group. A property may consist of several parcels. The flexibility of the definition of a parcel makes it pos­sible to adapt the cadastral system to various circumstances, for in­stance to include large parcels to represent the interests of land use in traditional tenure systems.