Отражает предшествование одного действия другому

1. The steam engine having been invented, a self –propelled vehicle was built. 2. The supply of steam in the car lasting only 15 minutes, the vehicle had to stop every 100 yards to make more steam. 3. The cars at that time were very small, the engine being placed under the seat. 4. Cars with internal combustion engines having appeared, the automobile industry began to develop rapidly. 5. By 1960 the number of cars in the world had reached 60 million, no other industry having ever developed so quickly. 6. The text being translated into Russian, the students passed their papers to the teacher. 7. A site for the construction having been chosen, the work started in time. 8. The professor being ill, the lecture is put off.

Задание 11. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, используя союзы: так как, после того как, когда, поскольку.

1. The device having been tested, some more complicated operations appeared possible. 2. The necessary information being given, the work continued according to our plan. 3. The ultimatum delivered, she waited for their next move. 6. Her shopping done, she took a bus to London. 4. The article having been published, the researcher started a new series of experiments. 5. Ecological problems being very important, they are often discussed by the publicists.