Give the summary of the texts I and II

13. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the use of Present Simple after conjunctions if, when, as soon as, before, until, after, while to talk about the future:

1. If a child is diagnosed with stenosis (narrowing of the aorta or pulmonary valve), the recommended treatment will depend on the extent of the stenosis.2. I’ll wait for the doctor here until he gets back. 3. If ventricular septal defect is large, open heart surgery will be required. 4. I’ll go home as soon as we visit him at the hospital. 5. Can you feed the baby while I’m away? 6. I’ll have a talk with our surgeon before I go to work. 7. After the lecture about different types of congenital heart defects ends we’ll have a test. 8. Give me a call when you hear some news.

14. Read and translate text C. Make up the plan of the text using key words:

Text C. Atrial Septal Defect

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common cause of acyanotic heart disease. In cases of ASD the hole is between the left and right atria. ASDs occur during fetal development of the heart and are present at birth. During the first weeks after conception, the heart develops. If a problem occurs during this process, a hole in the atrial septum may result.

Normal Heart and Heart with Atrial Septal Defect

Figure A shows the normal structure and blood flow in the interior of the heart. Figure B shows a heart with an atrial septal defect, which allows oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium to mix with oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium

In some cases, the tendency to develop an ASD may be genetic. There can be genetic syndromes that cause extra or missing pieces of chromosomes that can be associated with ASD. For the vast majority of children with a defect, however, there's no clear cause of the ASD. The size of an ASD and its location in the heart will determine what kinds of symptoms a child experiences. Most children who have ASDs seem healthy and appear to have no symptoms. Generally, kids with an ASD feel well and grow and gain weight normally. Infants and children with larger, more severe ASDs, however, may possibly show some of the following signs or symptoms: poor appetite, poor growth, and fatigue, shortness of breath, and lung problems and infections, such as pneumonia. If an ASD is not treated, health problems can develop later, including an abnormal heart rhythm (known as an atrial arrhythmia) and problems in how well the heart pumps blood. As kids with ASDs get older, they may also be at an increased risk for stroke, since a blood clot that develops can pass through the hole in the wall between the atria and travel to the brain. Fortunately, most kids with ASD are diagnosed and treated long before the heart defect causes physical symptoms. Because of the complications that ASDs can cause later in life, pediatric cardiologists often recommend closing ASDs early in childhood.

15. Answer the questions:

1. What is Atrial septal defect?

2. When does ASD develop?

3. What is ASD caused by?

4. What symptoms does a child experience in ASD?

5. What factors influence on the presence of the signs?

6. What health problems can develop without treatment of ASD? Why?

7. What procedure should be taken to avoid possible complications?

16. Give the English equivalents:

1. a fetal development of the heart; 2. after conception; 3. size and location; 4. severe ASD; 5. poor growth; 6. risk for stroke; 7. to cause physical symptoms; 8. to seem healthy; 9. signs or symptoms; 10. possible complications.

17. Give the Russian equivalents:

1. присутствовать при рождении; 2. отверстие; 3. ясная причина; 4. набирать вес; 5. проявлять признаки; 6. усталость; 7. аритмия предсердий; 8. становиться старше; 9. сгусток крови; 10. детский кардиолог.

18. Translate into English:

1. Дефект межпредсердной перегородки – это врожденный порок сердца, при котором стенка, которая разделяет предсердия, содержит отверстие. 2. Это отверстие обычно закрывается к тому времени, когда ребенок рождается. 3. Если отверстие не закрылось, то кровь поступает () из левого предсердия в правое. 4. Если слишком много крови поступает в правую часть сердца, давление в легких повышается. 5. Если дефект межпредсердной перегородки маленький, ребенок не испытывает больших проблем со здоровьем. 7. При тяжелых случаях у ребенка могут проявляться такие симптомы, как плохой аппетит, усталость, частый респираторные инфекции.

19. Read the text IV and answer the question: “What kinds of treatment are recommended in ASD?”