Grammar focus: clauses of time and condition

Clauses of time may be introduced by: after, as, as long as, as soon as, before, by the time, every time, immediately, just as, once, the moment (that), until (till), when, while etc.

Clauses of condition may be introduced by: if, in case, assuming (that), on condition (that), provided (that), providing (that), unless, in the event (that), in the event of, as/so long as, only of, even if, otherwise, or (else).

Note that 'will', 'would' are never used in a clause of time or condition.

I. Identify clauses of condition and translate the sentences into Ukrainian:

1. If in a given country a new branch or a new type of education is introduced, persons in that country have a right of access to it, providing that they satisfy the conditions of entry. 2. Religious instruction based on a particular State religion provided at a public school is not necessarily contrary to Article 2, provided that parental beliefs are respected by granting exemptions. 3. Even assuming that this is the case, the wide margin of discretion left to the authorities implies quite the opposite. 4. As long as a foreigner resides lawfully in a Contracting State, he of course also has the right to education. 5. The Contracting States are allowed to impose certain restrictions on the right to vote and to be elected, on condition that this is not done arbitrarily and does not constitute interference with the free expression of the people's opinion as such. 6. Any electoral system must be assessed in the light of the political evolution of the country concerned, so long as the free expression of the opinion of the people in the choice of the legislature is ensured. 7. A tribunal member will be neither independent nor impartial if he has links with a private party to the case. 8. A procedure by which a person may plead guilty to an offence is not in breach of Article 6(2), provided that pressure has not been brought improperly to bear upon the accused to obtain the guilty plea. 9. Prejudicial comment by counsel or witnesses will only raise a question under Article 6(2) if failure to control it shows judicial bias. 10. The applicant would 'very probably' have been convicted had the case gone to trial. 11. Unless a remedy is provided for under national law, it is not possible to determine what effect the outcome of the proceedings have had or may have had. 12. Even if it is assumed that 'civil' should be equated with private, the first paragraph of Article 6 is applicable to a great many proceedings which in themselves have a public character according to their form and subject, but the outcome of which is of direct interest for the determination and/or content of a private right or private obligation. 13. Had the case been decided later, the Commission might well have decided that the State was responsible for failing to protect the right to life of the applicant's husband. 14. Had the Court found a failure to protect the right to life, the applicant might have been able to claim her husband's loss of earnings as a doctor by way of pecuniary damages. 15. If a prisoner fails to attend a preliminary hearing of a disciplinary charge against him at which he could have obtained further information, this will count against his claim of a breach of Article 6(3)(a). 16. Unless the authorities can prove or have reasonable grounds to believe that the accused has a sufficient command of the language in which the information is given to him, they must provide him with an appropriate translation. 17. If a lawyer were unable to confer with his client and receive confidential instructions from him without prison officer's surveillance, his assistance would lose much of its usefulness. 18. However, an ultimate guarantee of uniformity of interpretation would only be achieved if the European Union or the separate European Communities were to become parties to the Convention. 19. The hearings of the Court are public, unless the Court decides otherwise in exceptional circumstances.