Read about two scientific discoveries that were made due to chance and complete the sentences

Alexander Fleming's most famous discovery happened entirely by accident. One day he was cleaning the culture dishes in his lab when he saw mould growing on one of the plates. There weren't any germs growing around the mould, so Fleming decided to grow more of it for experiments. He discovered that the mould acted against bacterial infections. However, Fleming's initial publication about his discovery was largely ignored by the medical community so he abandoned his research in 1932. It wasn't until 1935, when the researchers Florey and Chain saw Fleming's research papers, that the drug, penicillin, was developed.

1 If Fleming hadn't been cleaning the culture dishes, he wouldn’t have seen mould growing on one of the plates.

2 Fleming wouldn't have grown more of the mould if there ___________ growing around it.

3 If his initial publication hadn't been received so poorly by the medical community, he _______ in 1932.

4 Penicillin might not have been developed if Florey and Chain ___________

Harold Ridley, an ophthalmologist, developed a revolutionary way of helping people with poor eyesight as a result of cataracts¹. During World War II, Ridley worked with RAF pilots with eye Injuries. He noticed that their eyes did not become infected when they had eye injuries caused by bits of Perspex from the windows of their planes. As a result of this observation he decided to implant plastic lenses in the eyes of people with cataracts. Surgeons had earlier tried replacing the lens in the eye with a glass one, but the operations always failed because the body rejected the glass lens. Ridley's operations with plastic lenses were successful. However, the medical community opposed Ridley's discoveries and it took many years for the technique to be accepted. Today over 200 million people have their sight because of Harold Ridley.

5 If Harold Ridley _________ pilots during World War II, he wouldn't have noticed the effects of Perspex splinters on their eyes.

6 If the pilots' eye injuries had become infected from bits of Perspex, he _________ to implant plastic lenses in cataract patients' eyes.

7 If earlier surgeons had used plastic lenses, the operations _________

8 It wouldn't have taken so many years for the technique to become widely available if the medical community __________ Ridley's discoveries.