Export production

Industrial parks

Research industrial

Parks

Technopolises

Technoparks

Development areas

Of new and high

Technology

Offshore

Financial centres

Banking services

Tourist services

Ecology parks

Complex (all-round) International

Figure 21.1. Different types of free economic zones

When organizing FE-zones two conceptual approaches are employed: territorial and functional.

Within a territorial FE-zone all enterprises-residents enjoy privileges. In the latter case these

Privileges are preferential conditions for a specific type of business activities, no matter where the

Firm is based in the country or not (offshore firms, duty-free shops at the international airports,

Maritime (sea) ports).

One of the simpliest forms of free economic zones is an unbonded area (duty-free). They came

Into being as far back as the 17th century. These are transit, or consignment warehouses for export

Commodities.

Free trade zones (FTZs) have become widespread recently. Within these zones all kinds of

Commercial expenses have been reduced to a minimum. By the middle of 1990s only in the US

There were about five hundred FTZs. As a result of the evolution of FTZs, there came into being

Industrial and production zones (lPZs), or enterprise zones (UK). By the enterprise zone the Brit-

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