Text A. Technology of breadmaking

Bread is a valuable food. Excellent bread can be made with flour, yeast, salt and water. Other ingredients may be added, such as sugar, fat, eggs, milk, nuts and fruit.

The first basic step in the production of bread is the mixing of the ingredients to form a dough. This process takes place in mixers.

The mixed dough undergoes the second main stage of bread production called fermentation. At this time the yeast changes sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol and the volume of the dough increases.

The fermented dough is cut into pieces by a dividing machine. The dough pieces are taken to the next machine called a rounder. The function of this machine is to round the dough pieces into the form of a ball. The rounded dough balls are then subjected to a short fermentation period called intermediate proofing. After that a special moulding machine shapes the dough pieces into a loaf form. The moulded dough pieces undergo the final proofing in large chambers called oroof boxes.

The last and most important step in the production of bread is the baking process, which is performed in the ovens.

IV. Find the English equivalents to the following Russian words:

ценный продукт питания; могут быть добавлены другие ингредиенты; смешивание ингредиентов для образования теста; подвергается второй основной стадии производства хлеба; дрожжи превращают сахар в СО₂ и спирт; объем теста увеличивается, пшеничный хлеб, урожай, вкусный

V. Complete the sentences using the words given below:

1. The first step in the production of bread is... of the ingredients. 2. The process of mixing takes place in.... 3. The... dough undergoes fermentation. 4. The fermented dough is cut into pieces by a.... 5. The dough pieces are taken to the next machine... a rounder. 6. The rounded dough pieces are... to intermediate proofing. 7. The moulding machine shapes the dough balls into a... form. 8. The moulded dough pieces... the final proofing. 9. The last step in the production of bread is the... process. 10. Bread is baked in the....

1. divider; 2. mixing; 3. called; 4. mixed; 5. mixers; 6. subjected; 7. ovens; 8. undergo; 9. loaf; 10. baking