B. Answer the following questions

1. Look at these two sentences. Which is the defining and which the non-defining clause? What is the difference in meaning?

Language learners who have the ability to select goals and sub-goals can recognise the stages and sequences of their learning.

Language learners, who have the ability to select goals and sub-goals, can recognise the stages and sequences of their learning

2. In which of these sentences could the relative pronoun be omitted? Why is this possible?

Setting yourself to listen can be practised by creating your own individual listening exercises, which other learners find effective for self-education.

Setting yourself to listen can be practised by creating your own individual listening exercises, which are effective for self-education.

3. In which sentence could you not use that?

Multiple intelligences theory... is framed in light of the biological origins is worth considering by developmental psychologists.

Multiple intelligences theory... is framed in light of the biological origins, is worth considering by developmental psychologists.

4. Why can we not use that in these relative clauses?

Your manual dexterity—the speed and coordination with... you perform complicated tasks with your hands—is best in the afternoon.

Good language learners are able to analyse the language and develop techniques of practice and memorization, both of... contribute to fluency and accuracy of the speech.

5. What does the relative pronoun refer to in this sentence and what does it mean?

Teachers can diminish the fear of failure by offering activities which are achievable, paying special attention to the level of challenge presented by exercises.

6. What does the relative pronoun refer to in this sentence?

Trying to change the subject of the talk prematurely can get a partner irritated which is understandable.