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The Structure of an Abstract
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| 1. Introduction | Questions |
| A. Background of the research | Why is your research reasonable? |
| B. Research problem or research questions | Why did you carry out your research and why are you writing this paper? |
| C. Gap or lack of research in the field | What gap in the current knowledge do you hope to fill? More common in social sciences and almost required in dissertation writing to show that your thesis is a significant document. |
| D. Purpose of the paper | Many sciences and engineering abstracts do not have much background but start with the purpose of the research or even the method. |
| E. Description of the paper | What is the innovative contribution of your work? What did you do and achieve? What makes it different from previous research? Summarizes what the paper does. |
| 2. Methods | Methods sections are generally longer in Dissertations. Smaller in other abstracts. |
| 3. Results | What is new compared to previous results? Many scientific abstracts concentrate more on the results rather than the Introduction or Conclusion. |
| 4. Discussion /Conclusion | Main contribution of the paper. May be hard to distinguish from results. |
| More likely in papers that are not based on an experimental design and in the social sciences. |
| What are your conclusions and recommendations? More common in social sciences, medicine and nursing. Recommendations to change policies, etc. |
| What does this all mean? What do you plan to do next? Importance of the results for the field as a whole. |
1. What does the word «ABSTRACT» mean?
2. What are the parts of the abstract?
3. What information does each part of the abstract usually include?
Task 15. Read the information about writing an abstract for a journal article. Put the verbs into Passive. Translate it.
A concise and factual abstract … (require). The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract …often …(present) separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References … (should avoid), but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations … (should avoid), but if essential they … (must define) at their first mention in the abstract itself.
(International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. Guide for Authors)
Task 16. Read the parts of the abstract and match them with the sections of the paper: Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion. Translate the abstract[6]. Mind the underlined phrases.
Дата публикования: 2015-11-01; Прочитано: 288 | Нарушение авторского права страницы | Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!
