Ряд глаголов (to be, to have, to do, etc) могут употребляться как смысловые, вспомогательные, модальные или глаголы-связки.
5.5.1. Глагол “to be”
Формы глагола “to be”
Present
Past
Future
Indefinite
I am
he (she, it) is
we (you, they) are
I (he, she, it) was
we (you, they)
were
I (he, she, it, we, you, they)
will be
Continuous
I am being
he (she, it) is being
we (you, they) are being
I (he, she, it)
was being
we (you, they)
are being
____
Perfect
I (we, you, they) have been
he (she, it) has been
I (he, she, it,
we, you, they)
had been
I (he, she, it,
we, you, they)
will have been
Функции глагола “to be”
Функция
Пример и перевод
Смысловой глагол
to be + Prep +N
to be + Adv.
The lecturer is in the dean’s office.
Лектор (находится) в деканате.
The lecturer is here.
Лектор (находится) здесь.
Вспомогательный глагол
to be+Participle II
а) страдательный залог
to be +Participle I
b) времена группы Continuous
The lecturer was asked a question.
Лектору был задан вопрос.
The student is making notes of the lecture.
Студент конспектирует лекцию.
Глагол- связка
to be + Infinitive
to be + Adj.
The lecture is interesting. - Лекция интересна.
My aim is to enter the University – Моя цель – поступить в университет.
Модальный глагол
to be + Infinitive
You are to make notes of the lecture. – Вы должны конспектировать лекцию.
5.5.2. Глагол “to have”
Формы глагола “to have”
Present
Past
Future
+
I (we, you, they) have
he (she, it) has
I (you, he, she, it, we, they) had
I (you, he, she, it, we, they) will have
_
I (we, you, they)
haven’t
he (she, it) hasn’t
I (you, he, she, it, we, they) hadn’t
I (you, he, she, it, we, they)
will not (won’t) have
?
Have I (we, you, they)?
Has he (she, it)…?
Had you (I, she, he, it, we, they)…?
Will you (I, she, he, it, we, they) have …?
Функции глагола “to have”
Функция
Пример и перевод
Смысловой глагол
to have+N
They have 3 lectures today.
У них сегодня 3 лекции.
Вспомогательный глагол при
образовании времён группы Perfect
to have + Participle II
We have passed the exam.
Мы сдали экзамен.
When I called they had already got their credits in English.
Когда я позвонил, они уже получили зачёт по английскому языку.
Модальный глагол
to have+Infinitive
I will have to take 3 exams this summer.
Я должен буду сдать 3 экзамена этим летом.
He has to attend 3 lectures a day.
Ему приходится посещать по 3 лекции в день.
5.5.3. Глагол “to do”
Формы глагола “to do”
Present
Past
Future
+
I (we, you, they) do…
He (she, it) does…
I (you, he, she, it, we, they) did…
I (you, he, she, it, we, they) will do …
_
I (we, you, they) don’tdo…
He (she, it) doesn’t do…
I (you, he, she, it, we, they) didn’t do…
I (you, he, she, it, we, they) will not (won’t) do…
?
Do I (we, you, they) do…?
Does he (she, it) do…?
Did you (I, he, she, it, we, they) do…?
Will you (I, he, she, it, we, they) do …?
Функции глагола “to do”
Функции
Пример и перевод
to do + N
Смысловой глагол
We’ll do the homework in the morning.
Мы сделаем домашнее задание утром.
Вспомогательный глагол
do + not
а) отрицательная
форма
do + N V…?
б) вопросительная
форма
We don’t have classes in the morning.
У нас нет занятий утром.
Do the students have classes in the morning?
У студентов есть занятия по утрам?
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