Read the following article and try to write an abstract by analogy

Beyond Conventional Oil and the Role of Technology

by Hasan M. Qabazard, Director, OPEC Research Division, Austria

The world is not running out of oil. In fact, OPEC shares the view of most analysts that for the foreseeable future energy supply will continue to rely primarily on fossil fuels, and that oil will remain the leading commercial energy source, accounting for close to 40% of energy demand over the next two decades.

The figures highlight that recoverable resources of conventional oil continue to grow, for example, from just 0.6 trillion barrels through the 1940s, rising to 2 trillion barrels in the 1960s and 1970s, up to the most recent assessment of 3.3 and 3.95 trillion barrels. These increased estimates are due to new discoveries, reserves growth in existing fields and basins, the availability of improved data, knowledge expansion and new management techniques and technological advancements.

In the past two decades in particular, advances in areas such as subsurface three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) imaging, drilling and offshore production have had a dramatic effect on upstream activity, leading to large discoveries, particularly in deep water. The application of these breakthrough upstream technologies has contributed to significant hydrocarbon resource additions, increased exploration success, improved economics and expanded access to new frontier areas.

This all leads directly to “looking beyond conventional”. During the oil price increases since 2003, alternative methods of producing oil gained importance. The most widely known alternatives involve extracting oil from sources such as oil shale or tar sands. These resources exist in large quantities; however, extracting the oil at low cost without excessively harming the environment remains a challenge.

In a similar way, technological advancements such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) with enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in conventional oil fields are also expected to increase the resource base. Given the importance of seeking ways to produce oil, this offers a “win-win” scenario by not only increasing oil reserves that can be accessed in mature fields but also storing carbon dioxide (CO²) and reducing emissions to the atmosphere. So, a key point is that technology continues to blur the distinction between conventional and unconventional oil.

It is also possible to chemically transform methane or coal into the various hydrocarbons found in oil. The best-known such method is the Fischer-Tropsch process. It was a concept pioneered during the 1920s in Germany to extract oil from coal and became central to Nazi Germany's war efforts when imports of petroleum were restricted due to war. However, the process was used only as a last resort as naturally occurring oil was much cheaper. As crude oil prices increase, the cost of coal to oil conversion becomes comparatively cheaper. The method involves converting high ash coal into synthetic oil in a multi-stage process.

An alternative method of converting coal into petroleum is the Karrick process, which was pioneered in the 1930s in the United States. It uses low temperatures in the absence of ambient air, to distill the short-chain hydrocarbons out of coal instead of petroleum.

Oil shale can also be used to produce oil, either through mining and processing, or in more modern methods, with in-situ thermal conversion.