Text V. Congenital Rubella

Congenital rubella is a severe clinical syndrome characterized by developmental defects of various organs resulting from intrauterine virus persistence. Gress (1942) was the first to describe in detail the various consequences of intrauterine infection of the fetus with the rubella virus. He noted the development of cataract, deafness, loss of weight and high mortality rate of newborns. Studies of congenital rubella began to be conducted particularly intensively in the midsixties after several outbreaks of rubella and increase of the incidence of congenital and developmental anomalies. Rubella belongs to the group of toga-viruses. The virus is sensitive to ultraviolet rays, acetone, ether, formalin, and alcohol. The most typical clinical symptom of congenital rubella is unilateral and bilateral cataract. The next symptom of congenital rubella is a heart defect. And the third symptom is deafness. Deafness is the most frequent developmental anomaly in congenital rubella and is characterized by impaired hearing of various degrees. Quite often deafness is combined with disorders of the vestibular apparatus and may be unilateral or bilateral.

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