Point out the participle construction. Translate the sentences

A. Если самостоятельный причастный оборот стоит в начале предложения, он переводится придаточным предложением с союзами «так как», «когда», «хотя», «после того, как», «если» и др.

e.g. The work having been done, the students went home. – Когда работа быласделана, студенты пошли домой.

1. Everything being ready, I ordered the assistant to begin the transfusion. 2. A lately obtained drug had an antiarthritic effect, but this compound was too poorly tolerated to be suitable for routine use. 3. Inflammation of the kidney as a complication of scarlet fever being suspected, a light diet will be urgently need. 4. The entire field of viruses being explored intensively, protection will be possible in other human diseases.

Б. Если самостоятельный причастный оборот стоит в конце предложения, то его следует переводить самостоятельным предложением и присоединять к главному союзами «а», «и», «но», «причем», «при этом», но он (самостоятельный оборот) может переводиться и бессоюзно.

e.g. We used many procedures, the last being the best. – Мы применяли много методик, причем последняя – самая лучшая.

1. The disease may occur at all ages, it being less common before puberty. 2. Liver transplant operations are most complicated, more patients undergoing the operation. 3. Grippe is a highly communicable and rapidly spreading disease, all ages being liable to the disease, especially children. 4. In our country the health of children is under constant care, various measures being taken to protect the children’s health.

В. Самостоятельный причастный оборот может вводиться союзом “with”, который не переводится; в этом случае запятая может отсутствовать.

e.g. With the procedure changing we could not get reliable results. – Так как методика менялась, мы не могли получить надежные результаты.

1. Exceptionally, rupture may be associated with massive haemorrhage, with death occurring almost invariably. 2. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern has shown an alarming trend, with most organisms showing increasing resistance. 3. Aortico-left ventricular tunnel is a very rare cardiac malformation with only 25 cases having been reported in the literature. 4. The megaloblast nuclei were of three sizes with midsized ones predominating.

Г. Самостоятельный оборот встречается не только с причастием, но и с инфинитивом.

e.g. I asked him to help us, the work to be done in a week. – Я попросила его помочь нам, причем работа должна быть сделана через неделю.

1. The risk of surgery in infants under 2 years of age being higher than in older children, the operation for cardiac failure at this age to be indicated only in severe cases. 2. The risk of surgical intervention in 2 year old children with congenital heart failure is great, the functional and anatomical imperfection of the organism to be the main cause. 3. Infection, indeed, has unusual etiologic power in children, the great majority of cases of acute infectious diseases to be observed at this period. 4. A long series of experiments to be carried out, they will determine what equipment modifications are necessary for the operation.

21. Define Absolute Participle Construction in the following sentences. Translate the sentences:

1. There is a great deal of difference in the phagocyte activity of corpuscles concerning such substance as carbon and quarts particles, the former being ingested much more rapidly than the latter. 2. The heart is a double pump, the volumes expelled by the right and left ventricles being the same. 3. The experiment having been finished, we were ready to discuss it. 4. Respiration is usually either an automatic or reflex act, each expiration sending up afferent, sensory impulses to the central nervous system. 5. The air passes rhythmically into and out of the air passages, and mixes with the air already in the lungs, these two movements being known as inspiration and expiration.

22. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the omitted conjunctions:

1. Studies in vivo we discuss here indicate that intestinal absorption is an important pathway to regulate the quantity of iron in the body. 2. We know digestive enzyme of the stomach is pepsin. 3. I.P. Pavlov showed the digestive juices flow at the sight and especially at the smell of food. 4. The patients knew of the medicine they given. 5. In no patients the surgeons had operated on the complications developed.

23. Translate the sentences paying attention to the words “as well” and “as well as” (так же как (и), и… и):

1. The character of proper food substances for animals as well as for plants is different. 2. Besides carbohydrates, proteins and fats, the food contains necessary minerals substances as well. 3. Urinalysis is an examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements as well as the presence of diabetes mellitus. 4. Any doctor is responsible for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease as well. 5. The combination of a warm, rainy day, increased liquid intake as well as moist air that prevents evaporation from the skin results in great frequency of urination.

24. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. До открытия вакцинации инфекционные болезни были одной из основных причин смерти людей. 2. Инфекционные (заразные) заболевания вызываются микробами, причем инфекция передается от больного к здоровому. 3. Дженнер показал, что инфекционные болезни можно предотвратить с помощью прививок. 4. Инфекционные заболевания матери во время беременности оказывают вредное влияние на плод. 5. Эта инфекция распространяется очень быстро. 6. В больнице может находиться несколько больных, которые заражены этим вирусом. 7. В некоторых случаях возбудители многих инфекционных заболеваний могут проникать через плаценту и вызывать заражении плода. 8. У новорожденных отмечается слабая сопротивляемость к различным инфекциям, так как организм не вырабатывает антитела, способные противостоять инфекции, и поэтому инфекционные заболевания у новорожденных имеют тяжелое течение. 9. Это может быть начальной стадией инфекционного заболевания. 10. Профилактика заболеваний лучше, чем лечение.

25. Read text V. Answer the question “What are common bacterial illnesses in the newborn?”