Active Voice

Time	Affirmative Form	Interrogative Form	Negative Form
I N D E F I N I T E	Present	I ask he (she) asks we (you, they) ask	do I ask? does he (she) ask? do we (you, they) ask?	I do not ask he (she) does not ask we (you, they) do not ask
Past	I asked He (she) asked We (you, they) asked	Did I ask? Did he (she) ask? Did we (you, they) ask?	I did not ask He (she) did not ask We (you, they) did not ask
Future	I shall ask He (she) will ask We shall ask You (they) will ask	Shall I ask? Will he (she) ask? Shall we ask? Will you (they) ask?	I shall not ask He (she) will not ask We shall not ask You (they) will not ask
C O N T I N U O U S	Present	I am asking He (she) is asking We (you, they) are asking	Am I asking? Is he (she) asking? Are we (you, they) asking?	I am not asking He (she) is not asking We (you, they) are not asking
Past	I was asking He (she) was asking We (you, they) were asking	Was I asking? Was he (she) asking? Were we (you, they) asking?	I was not asking He (she) was not asking We (you, they) were not asking
Future	I shall be asking He (she) will be asking We shall be asking You (they) will be asking	Shall I be asking? Will he (she) be asking? Shall we be asking? Will you (they) be asking?	I shall not be asking He (she) will not be asking We shall not be asking You (they) will not be asking
P E R F E C T	Present	I have asked He (she) has asked We (you, they) have asked	Have I asked? Has he (she) asked? Have we (you, they) asked?	I have not asked He (she) has not asked We (you, they) have not asked
Past	I had asked He (she) had asked We (you, they) had asked	Had I asked? Had he (she) asked? Had we (you, they) asked?	I had not asked He (she) had not asked We (you, they) had not asked
Future	I shall have asked He (she) will have asked We shall have asked You (they) will have asked	Shall I have asked? Will he (she) have asked? Shall we have asked? Will you (they) have asked?	I shall not have asked He (she) will not have asked We shall not have asked You (they) will not have asked

Таблица 7 Passive Voice

Time	Affirmative Form	Interrogative Form	Negative Form
I N D E F I N I T E	Present	I am asked He (she) is asked We (you, they) are asked	Am I asked? Is he (she) asked? Are we (you, they) asked?	I am not asked He (she) is not asked We (you, they) are not asked
Past	I was asked He (she) was asked We (you, they) were asked	Was I asked? Was he (she) asked? Were we (you, they) asked?	I was not asked He (she) was not asked We (you, they) were not asked
Future	I shall be asked He (she) will be asked We shall be asked You (they) will be asked	Shall I be asked? Will he (she) be asked? Shall we be asked? Will you (they) be asked?	I shall not be asked He (she) will not be asked We shall not be asked You (they) will not be asked
C O N T I N U O U S	Present	I am being asked He (she) is being asked We (you, they) are being asked	Am I being asked? Is he (she) being asked? Are we (you, they) being asked?	I am not being asked He (she) is not being asked We (you, they) are not being asked
Past	I was being asked He (she) was being asked We (you, they) were being asked	Was I being asked? Was he (she) being asked? Were we (you, they) being asked?	I was not being asked He (she) was not being asked We (you, they) were not being asked
Future	________	_________	_________
P E R F E C T	Present	I have been asked He (she) has been asked We (you, they) have been asked	Have I been asked? Has he (she) been asked? Have we (you, they) been asked?	I have not been asked He (she) have not been asked We (you, they) have not been asked
Past	I had been asked He (she) had been asked We (you, they) had been asked	Had I been asked? Had he (she) been asked? Had we (you, they) been asked?	I had not been asked He (she) had not been asked We (you, they) had not been asked
Future	I shall have been asked He (she) will have been asked We shall have been asked You (they) will have been asked	Shall I have been asked? Will he (she) have been asked? Shall we have been asked? Will you (they) have been asked?	I shall not have been asked He (she) will not have been asked We shall not have been asked You (they) will not have been asked

Таблица 8 Sequence of Tenses

Tense	He says that …	He said that …	Translation
I N D E F I N I T E	He does this work every day.   He did this work yesterday.     He will do this work tomorrow.	He did this work every day.     He had donethis work the day before.   He would do this work next day.	Он делает эту работу каждый день. Он делал эту работу вчера (накануне).   Он сделает эту работу завтра (на следующий день).
C O N T I N U O U S	He is doing this work now.   He was doing this work from 5 till 7 yesterday.   He will be doing this work from 5 till 7 tomorrow.	He was doing this work then. He had been doing this work from 5 till 7 the day before. He would be doing this work from 5 till 8 the next day.	Он делает эту работу сейчас. Он делал эту работу с 5 до 7 вечера.   Он будет делать эту работу завтра с 5 до 8 завтра.
P E R F E C T	He has done this work today.   He had done this work by 5 o’ clock.   He will have donethis work by tomorrow.	He had done this work that day.   He had done this work by 5 o’clock.   He would have done this work by the next day.	Он сделал эту работу сегодня.   Он сделал работу к 5 часам.   Он сделает эту работу к завтрашнему дню.

Таблица 9 Conditional Sentences

Type	Example	Translation
I – реальное условие	I shall come if I am free.	Я приду, если буду свободен.
II – маловероятное условие	I should come today (tomorrow) if I were free.	Я бы пришел сегодня (завтра), если бы был свободен.
III – нереальное условие	I should have come yesterday if I had been free.	Я бы пришел вчера, если бы был свободен.

Таблица 10 Modal Verbs

Глагол	Перевод	Эквивалент	Настоящее время	Прошедшее время	Будущее время
can	мочь, уметь	to be able to	can am is able to are	could, was able to were	shall (will) be able to
may	можно, разрешается, возможно	to be allowed to	may am is allowed to are	might, was (were) allowed to	shall (will) be allowed to
must	должен, должно быть	to have to	must, have to (has to)	had to	shall (will) have to
need	нужно, надо	Shall I read this book? – No, you needn’t.

Таблица 11 The Verbs of Obligation

должен обязан must нужно надо необходимо	обязанность, приказание, приказ; настоятельный совет или приглашение (обязательно); внутренняя осознанная необходимость	I must go to work at 9 o’clock. You must read this book.   I must do it today.
have toдолжен приходится	Необходимость, вызванная внешними обстоятельствами	You have to work hard if you wish to pass exams well.
be to должен	долженствование согласно плану, графику, договору	The train is to arrive at 5 o’clock.
shouldследует следовало бы	совет, рекомендация	You shouldn’t work hard.
ought toследует	моральный долг, совет	You ought to help them.

Таблица 12 Infinitive

Forms

Voice Tense[U1]	Active	Passive
Indefinite	to ask	to be asked
Continuous	to be asking	----
Perfect	to have asked	to have been asked
Perfect Continuous	to have been asking	----