MAN AND АNIMALS. Throughout history there has been an ambivalence in man’s attitude toward animals

Throughout history there has been an ambivalence in man’s attitude toward animals. He has loved them and feared them; worshipped them and hated them; pitied them and eaten them. And above all, he has exploited them.

Man has sought to make animals his servants and very often he has succeeded. Oxen plough fields; elephants haul timber; pigeons carry messages; dogs lead the blind and round up sheep. Man has also adopted animals as his friends. Petkeeping is flourishing now as never before.

Animals represent three-quarters or more of the species on Earth. Scientists classify all known animals in twenty large groups. The animals we see most often are vertebrates, or backboned animals. This large group is divided into smaller ones. Five main groups of vertebrates are amphibians, reptiles, fish, mammals, and birds. Amphibians are animals such as frogs and toads. Snakes, lizards, turtles, are reptiles. Amphibians, reptiles, and fish are cold-blooded animals. That is, the temperature inside their bodies depends on the temperature outside. Birds and mammals are warm-blooded. That is, the temperature inside their bodies always stays about the same. Female mammals have milk glands from which they feed milk to their young.

Today nearly half of the total food supply of man is contributed by animals. The list of food products of animal origin includes: meat from domestic and wild animals, fowl and eggs from domestic and wild birds, fish of many kinds, milk from cows, goats and sheep.

Animals contribute to wool, leather, hair and fur. Horses, mules, oxen and other animals have been used as sources of power for different purposes. Domestic animals, notably the horse and the dog, are used extensively in sport. The animals in the zoo and circus are a source of recreation for people of different ages.

Manure produced in livestock farming enriches the soil and increases crop yields.

Humans study animals to learn about themselves, who are a very recent product of the evolution of animals.

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Вправа II. 1-3; 2-4; 3-1; 4-6; 5-7; 6-10; 7-2; 8-11; 9-5; 10-8; 11-9.

Вправа III. 1.spoon; 2.ore; 3.host; 4.plant.

Вправа VII. 1-e; 2-c; 3-f; 4-a; 5-i; 6-b; 7-d; 8-h; 9-k; 10-l; 11-g; 12-m; 13-j.

Вправа IX. A.monkey B.potato, negro C.means

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