Benefits of Sketching

A sketch is a preliminary drawing, usually intended for a final drawing or painting. This is how artists can record information. Even people naturally gifted in drawing can improve their skills by regularly sketching objects they see every day.

Sketching helps to sharpen observation skills and focus on tiny details of a subject. It also improves a person’s ability to draw freehand.

Sketching Tips

Before you even take your trip, practice sketching houses, churches and other buildings in your neighborhood. First, find a subject to sketch such as a house across the street. After studying it, ask yourself questions. What area of the subject is the brightest? Note any sunlit areas or shadows, determining the light source. Count the windows, porch steps and other items.

Then, take a pencil and draw the shapes that you see. This doesn’t have to be an exact copy of the building, although you can probably capture the subject’s essence. Next, use a straight-edge to straighten lines and make corrections. If there are some imperfections, realize that imperfections depict character if your house is old.

Граматичний матеріал: Минулий перфектно-тривалий час (Past Perfect Continuous)

had been + V-ing (Present Participle)

Стверджувальна форма Affirmative	Питальна форма Interrogative	Заперечна форма Negative
I had (‘d) been doing	Had I been doing?	I had not/hadn’t been doing
you had (‘d) been doing	HAD YOU been doing?	you had not/hadn't been doing
he had (‘d) been doing	had he been doing?	he had not/hadn't been doing
she had (‘d) been doing	had she been doing?	she had not/hadn't been doing
it had (‘d) been doing	had it been doing?	it had not/hadn't been doing
we had ('d) been doing	had we been doing?	we had not/hadn't been doing
they had (‘d) been doing	had they been doing?	they had not/hadn't been doing

Випадки вживання

Дія, що розпочалася до визначеного моменту чи дія в минулому і все ще продовжувалася в цей момент	When I first met her she had been working as a shop-assistant for 15 years. She had been jogging for two months when I joined her.
Дія, яка розпочалася до визначеного моменту чи дія в минулому і завершилася в цей момент чи незадовго до нього	I had been waiting for two hours when he came. He felt tired because he had been playing football.

Повторення: Present Perfect Continuous

Ex. 1. Look at these conversations and put in the correct form of the verb. Use the Present Perfect Continuous or Simple.

Sarah: I feel really tired.

Mark: It's because … you’ve been doing.....(you / do) too much.

Sarah: Well, at least …. you’ve finished........(I / finish) that report now, and I can relax.

1. David: Someone................................................................(leave) the ladder outside, look.

Harriet: I expect that's Mike.................................................................(he / clean) the windows.

I don't think................................................................(he / finish) yet.

2. Laura: You've got mud on your shoes.

Trevor: It's all right, I'll take them off.................................................................(I / work) in the garden.

Laura: Yes, it looks a lot tidier. Well done................................................................(you / do) a good job.

3. Tom:................................................................(I / hear) that you and Harriet are building a garage.

How long................................................................(you / do) that?

Mike: Oh, for about a month now. (we / do)................................................................about half of it.

повторення: Past perfect.