Grammar focus: modal verbs

1. Identify modal verbs and translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:

1. Although the importance of the required information is such that it should normally be given in writing, this is not necessary to the extent that the accused has been given sufficient information orally or has waived his right to a written communication. 2. If a lawyer is replaced for good reason, additional time must be allowed for the new lawyer to prepare the case. 3. Where an accused considers that the time allowed is inadequate, he should seek an ajournment or postponement of the hearing, but there may be exceptional circumstances which make this unnecessary. 4. A prisoner must be allowed to receive a visit from his lawyer out of the hearing of prison officers or other officials in order to convey instructions or to pass or to receive confidential information relating to the preparation of his defence. 5. The accused's lawyer may also serve as the 'watchdog of procedural regularity' both in the public interest and for his client. 6. Although Article 6 does not generally apply to extradition proceedings, in Soering v UK, the Court left open the possibility that an extraditing state may be liable under Article 6 where trial in the requesting state involves 'a flagrant denial of a fair trial'. 7. Restrictions upon visits by lawyers may be imposed if they can be justified in the public interest. 8. The duty to show diligence does not mean that any accused who defends himself should be held to the standards of a professional lawyer; account must be taken of the particular accused's capabilities and the knowledge and expertise that can be expected of him. 9. The ECHR cannot give preliminary rulings; it might declare the ultimate result of the implementation of the provisions of the Convention to be not in conformity with the obligations resulting from the Convention. 10. The requirement of 'victim' implies that the violation of the Convention must have affected the applicant in some way.