Oxalic acid, ozone treatment 821

OXE 70, 264–265, 314, 705, 716

– bleaching chemicals 612–613

– formation during bleaching 847

– ITC-type and ASAM pulp 273

– QPQP bleaching 271

Oxidants, extraction stage 869

Oxidation

– amount of reagent 1227

Index

– veratryl-b-guaiacyl ether 751

Oxidation capacity 612

Oxidation equivalents see OXE

Oxidation potential

– hydrogen peroxide 852

– wasted 740

Oxidative bleaching, carbonyl groups 1041

Oxidative degradation, relative degradation

Acid frequencies 637

Oxidative peeling 177

– cellulose chain 663

Oxidimetry, operating principle 1221

Oxidizable impurities, removal 831

Oxidizing power, ozone 779

Oxime method, functional groups

determination 1236–1237

Oxiran, nucleophilic opening 171

Oxirane intermediates 858

oxygen 641–649

– autoxidation 644–645

– consumption 707, 869

– mass transfer to pulp fibers 688

– oxidation capacity (OXE) 613

– phenoxyl radical formation 650

– reduction energetics 643

– single O2–excited state 645–646

– solubility under equilibrium conditions

– see also dioxygen

Oxygen-alkali bleaching, intial step 633

Oxygen charge

– delignification process 707

– effect on delignification 700

– two-stage delignification operating

Conditions 730

Oxygen delignification 675, 681, 948, 950,

– alkali charge 703

– bleaching 628–734

– chemistry 632–670

– comparison between model and