Exercises. I. Translate into Russian

I. Translate into Russian.

Three-story structure (pyramid); levels of management; first-line managers; middle managers; operating employees; responsible for; define policies; hard work; good luck; executive; chief executive officer; member of the Board; activities; supervise; su­pervisor; division manager; department head; plant manager; operations manager; foreman; organizational structure; purpose and mission; research; customer; development; accounting; goods and services; production of goods; percentage; customer; advertising; be in charge of; government regulations; hire; determine; appraise; guide; ensure; employment; salary; wage; labour.

II. Find the English equivalents.

Высший руководитель (менеджер); руководитель (менеджер) первого звена; менеджер среднего уровня; исполнитель, служащий; исполнительный директор; генеральный директор; директор производства; директор завода; начальник отдела; руководитель подразделения; начальник; мастер; бухгалтерский учет; цель и задачи; товары и услуги; заработная плата (ежемесячная)', производство товаров; деятельность; уровни руководства (менеджмента); развитие; правительственные постановления; научное исследование; покупатель (постоянный); рекламирование; работа по найму; процентное соотношение; заведовать; нанимать; обеспечивать; оценивать; разрабатывать; определять политику; управлять (руководить); осуществлять; решать.

III. Fill in each blank with a suitable word or word combination.

1. Each organization can be represented as a three-story structure or....

2. There are three general levels of management: top managers,... managers and... managers.

3. A top manager... and,.. the overall functions of the organization.

4. Top managers also... the firm's strategy and define its major....

5. A middle manager... the strategy and major policies handed down from the top level of the organization.

6. Middle managers... tactical plans, policies, and standard operating procedures.

7. They also coordinate and supervise the... of first-line managers.

8. A first-line manager is a manager who... and supervises the activities of operating employees.

9. First-line managers spend most of their time working with..., answering questions, and... day-to-day problems.

10. Operating employees are... and non-qualified persons working for the organization, they represent the work force of the organization.

IV. Translate into English.

1. Существует три основных уровня управления (менеджмента): высший менеджмент, менеджмент среднего звена и менеджмент первого звена.

2. Высшие менеджеры направляют и контролируют общую деятельность организации, они определяют стратегию и основную политику фирмы.

3. Высшими менеджерами организации являются (are) президент, вице-президент, главный исполнительный директор и члены совета директоров (правления).

4. Менеджер среднего звена реализует (осуществляет) стратегию и основную политику, спускаемые с верхнего уровня организации.

5. Средними менеджерами организации являются руководитель подразделения, начальник отдела, директор завода и директор производства.

6. Менеджер первого звена следит за деятельностью неуправленческих служащих и координирует ее.

7. Менеджерами первого звена являются инспектор, мастер, руководитель отдела, руководитель проекта.

8. Менеджеры первого звена работают с неуправленческими работниками и решают повседневные проблемы.

9. Неуправленческие работники представляют основную рабочую силу организации.

10. Самыми обычными сферами управления являются финансы, производственные операции, маркетинг, людские ресурсы и администрирование.

11. Заведующий финансами (finance manager) прежде всего отвечает за финансовые ресурсы организации.

12. Традиционно директор производства (operations manager) ассоциируется (is equated) с производством товаров.

13. Однако в последние годы управление производством относится к производству товаров и услуг.

14. Управляющий маркетингом (marketing manager) ответственен за обмен продукцией между организацией и ее постоянными покупателями (customers) или клиентами.

15. Управляющий людскими ресурсами занимается (charges in) наймом, обучением и оценкой деятельности работников.

16. Административный руководитель осуществляет общее административное руководство и он не связан с какой-либо конкретной функциональной сферой.

V. Answer the questions.

1. What are the levels of management?

2. What are the common titles associated with top management?

3. What are the common titles associated with middle management?

4. What are the common titles associated with first-line management?

5. Who is at the bottom (нижняя часть) of the management levels?

6. What are the most common areas of management?

7. What is a financial manager responsible for?

8. What is an operations manager traditionally equated with and what are the changes in recent years?

9. What is a marketing manager responsible for?

10. What does an administrative manager coordinate?

Unit 3

Management Skills

Effectiveness of a manager's activity depends on certain im­portant skills. These skills can be divided into seven different categories: conceptual, decision making, analytic, administrative, communicational, interpersonal and technical.

1. A conceptual skill is the ability of a manager to see the "general picture" of an organization. Managers must understand how their duties and the duties of other managers fit together to plan their activity in a proper way and get the required results. This skill is very important for top managers because it helps them plan "super goals" and develop proper strategies for the whole organization.

2. A decision making skill is the ability of a manager to choose the best course of actions of two or more alternatives. A manager must decide the following:

1) What objectives and goals must be reached?

2) What strategy must be implemented?

3) What resources must be used and how they must be distributed?

4) What kind of control is needed?

In short, managers are responsible for the most important decisions which are required to carry out any organizational activity.

3. An analytic skill is the ability to determine the most important problem of many other problems and identify the causes of each problem before implementing a proper action plan. This ability is especially important for top managers because they have to solve complex problems.

4. An administrative skill is the ability of a manager to keep to the organizational rules specified for the production process, within a limited budget, and coordinate the flow of information and paper work in his group and in other groups.

5. A communicational skill is the ability of manager to share his ideas and opinions with other people both orally and in writing. This skill is a decisive factor of a manager's success. Some investigations show that top managers and middle managers spend ap­proximately 80% (percent) of their work time in communicating with each other.

Thus, a communication skill enables managers to hold meetings, write clear letters and explanatory notes, make reports, etc.

6. An interpersonal skill (psychological skill) is the ability to deal effectively with other people both inside and outside the organization. It is the ability to understand the needs and motives of other people. This skill is very important for a good psychological atmosphere for successful activity in the common work in future. If the interpersonal relations are good, a manager will be successful in getting a support in the development and implementation of organizational plans.

7. A technical skill is a specific competence to accomplish a task. The lower is a manager's level in the organization, the closer is the connection with the production process. Thus first-line managers have the closest connection with the production process. They need high technical skills to provide technical guidance for the subordinates. Top managers don't need these skills as much as first-line managers but the knowledge of the technical sphere is useful for all the managers.