Muscles

I. Exercises.

ex. 1. Запомните произношение следующих слов:

universal - универсальный, общий cell - клетка

fiber - волокно agent - агент, фактор

ex. 2. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:

muscle - мышца direction - направление, указание

radiated muscle - веерообразная мышца establish - устанавливать

tissue - ткань introduce - вводить

connective tissue - соединительная ткань vessel - сосуд

change -изменять, изменение blood - кровь

weight — вес find (found, found) — находить

divide - делить, разделять find out - обнаруживать

wide - широкий contraction - сокращение
determine -определять, устанавливать

ex. 3. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания:

a) 1. the contraction of muscles; 1. the blood vessel wall; 3. the body weight; 4.
connective tissue cells; 5. to determine the blood group; 6. a rapid change;

b) 1. мышцы туловища; 2. мышцы конечностей; 3. определить функцию
мышц; 4. кровеносный сосуд; 5. определить артериальное давление; 6.
набрать вес; 7. потерять в весе; 8. соединительная ткань; 9. костная ткань; 10.
тканевая терапия; И. ввести систему; 12. ввести новый метод; 13. изменить
направление; 14. установить термин; 15. установить причину болезни; 16.
широкая мышца.

И. Text "Muscles".

In the adult the muscles form about 35% -40% (per cent) of the body weight. The body is composed of about 600 skeletal muscles. According to the basic parts of the skeleton all the muscles are divided into the muscles of the trunk, head and extremities.

According to their form all the muscles are divided into three basic groups: long, short and wide muscles; the free extremities are formed by the long muscles; wide muscles lie on the trunk; the walls of the body cavities are formed by wide muscles.

Some muscles are called according to the structure of their fibers, for example radiated muscles; others according to their uses, for example extensors or according to their direction, for example oblique. Some short muscle, of which stapedius is the smallest muscle in the human body, form facial musculature.

The structure of the muscular fibers is different in different groups of muscles. The muscles consist of a mass of muscle cells. The muscular fibers are connected together by connective tissue. There are many blood vessels and nerves in the muscles. The muscles are the active agents of motion and contraction.

III. Text "Systems of the Body".

According to their functions different organs of the human body are divided into several systems: the bones, the muscular system, the alimentary tract, the respiratory system, the urogenital system, the vascular system, and the nervous system.

The muscles and the bones are under the layer of subcutaneous fat. The muscles are connected with the bones.

The heart and the large blood vessels connected with it, as well as the lungs and the esophagus are in the thoracic cavity. The spleen, the liver and the stomach are in the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm. The small and large intestines are in the abdominal cavity lower than the stomach, the liver and the spleen. The kidneys are on the posterior side of the abdominal cavity.