Corporate governance, environmental, and social expertise

D) The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency is an agency of the World Bank (International Bank

For Reconstruction and Development) which was established in 1988 and is open to all members of the

World Bank. The Agency gives guarantees and insurance cover for private direct investment in developing

Countries against noncommercial risks such as the imposition of foreign exchange restrictions, war and the

Expropriation of assets. The Agency is financed from incomes received from insurance premiums and

financial contributions made available by member countries, amounting to US $1 billion.

E) The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) was established in

With 140 members in 2004, 150 total cases registered and 30 fiscal cases registered in 2004.

ICSID helps encourage foreign investment by providing international facilities for conciliation and

Arbitration of investment disputes, thereby helping foster an atmosphere of mutual confidence between

states and foreign investors. Many international agreements concerning investment refer to ICSID's

Arbitration facilities. ICSID also issues publications on dispute settlement and foreign investment law.

Regional banks influence the system of international monetary, credit and financial relations