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Grammar Revision Tables

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NOUNS: SINGULAR AND PLURAL
Singular Plural Uses
day bird street rose days birds streets roses The plural of a noun is usually made by adding –s to the singular
tomato match dish class box tomatoes matches dishes classes boxes Nouns ending in –o, -ch, -sh, -s, -ssor –x form their plural by adding –es. (NOTE: words of foreign origin or abbreviated words ending in –o and –s only: dynamo – dynamos; kilo – kilos; photo – photos; piano – pianos);
baby city babies cities Nouns ending in –y following a consonant form their plural by dropping the –y and adding –ies.
loaf wife wolf calf half knife shelf life sheaf loaves wives wolves calves halves knifes shelves lives sheaves Twelve nouns ending in –for –fe drop the –f or –fe and add –ves: loaf, wife, wolf, calf, half, leaf, self, knife, life, sheaf, shelf, thief. (Exceptions: beliefs, chiefs, roofs, cliffs, safes, cuffs, handkerchiefs). The nouns hoof, scarf and wharf take either –s or –ves in the plural: wharfs or wharves, hoofs or hooves; scarfs or scarves.
man woman foot goose foot louse mouse child men women feet geese teeth lice mice children A few nouns form their plural by a vowel change.
sheep deer fish species swine sheep deer fish species swine Some nouns have the same the same form for singular and plural.
crisis criterion datum crises criteria data Some nouns that English has borrowed from other languages have foreign plurals.

NOUNS: COMMON AND POSSESSIVE CASE

a) Singular Noun the girl my wife my baby Tom Archimedes Pythagoras Thomas Carlos my brother-in-law Possessive Form   thegirl’s name my wife’s coat my baby’s toys Tom’s friend Archimedes’ Law Pythagoras’ Theorem Thomas’s/Thomas’ Carlos’s/ Carlos’ my brother-in-law’s guitar  
  1. ′s is used with singular nouns not ending in –s.
   
  1. Classical names ending in –s usually add only the apostrophe.
  2. Other names ending in –s take ′s or the apostrophe alone.
  3. With compounds, the last word takes the ′s.
b) Plural Noun the girls the men my children Possessive Form the girls’ names the men’s work my children’s toys  
  1. A simple apostrophe (′) is used with plural nouns ending in –s.
  2. ′s is used with plural nouns not ending in –s.
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Дата публикования: 2014-12-25; Прочитано: 271 | Нарушение авторского права страницы | Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!

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