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Canada

1. Canada is the largest country in area of the Western Hemisphere¹ and the second largest in the world after Russia. It covers more than half the continents of North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific and from the northern boundary of the main portion of the United States to the Polar Regions. The state of Alaska bounds it on the northwest. This huge land is the home of more than 20 million people.

2. The country’s topography is extremely varied. In the east, the land is generally undulating², with hills and low mountains, few of which exceed 4,00 feet (1,200meters) in height. The central portions of the country are vast plans. The west is mountain terrain, where the ranges of the Rocky Mountains run north and south. Hundreds of lakes are scattered through this region; nearly 8% of Canada’s total area is fresh water. North of the continental mainland are the bleak islands of Arctic Archipelago.

3. Since Canada, except for³ southern Ontario and part of Nova Scotia, lies wholly north of latitude 45⁰N, its climate is often rigorous⁴. Summers in much of the country are short, and the winters are long and bitter, with deep snowfall in most sections.

4. Today about 45% of Canada’s population traces its origin⁵ to the British Isles. About 30% is of the French origin. The remainder of the people is of various European, native, and Asian stocks. But virtually all Canadians use either English or French as the language of daily business and social life, and the nation is broadly composed of two linguistic and cultural groups- English and French. The new Constitutions of Canada, 1982, makes both French and English the official languages of the federal administrations and requires its departments and agencies to provide services in both languages in designated districts.

5. The structure of the Canadian nation rests on firm foundations. The country has a tradition of democracy that is embodied in its democratic institution. It has a flexible governmental system, responsive to the will of the people. Its economy is expanding, and there are great opportunities for development of resources and technology.

6. The country possesses rich natural resources. The great forests are one of Canadian’s prime assets. The resources of Canadian land – its rich soil, its timber, and its minerals – provide much of the raw material for the nation’s industry. They also are the base of its foreign trade, which is characterized by specialized exports of grains (especially wheat), wood product, and industrial products using native minerals.

Encyclopedia Americana.

Word list:

1. the Western Hemisphere - западное полушарие

2. to undulate - иметь холмистую поверхность

3. except for - за исключением

4. rigorous - суровый

5. trace its origin- происходят

6. to embody – воплощать (в себе)

7. asset - имущество (наследство)

8. timber- строительный лес